HABITS AN T I) LIFE HISTORY. 
41 
sometimes slightly curved shape, characteristic of the sex, the exuvia 
or cast larval skin showing Dear the anterior end. 
The male pro-pupae are very pale yellow, with the legs and antenna* 
(which have reappeared) together with the two or three terminal 
ments colorless. The eyes are dark purple and placed close together. 
The antenna 1 are stout and bent closely along the edge of the body as 
far as the first pair of legs, where they curve slightly inward. Promi- 
nent wing pads extending along the side of the body. The terminal 
segment bears two short spines. 
The female undergoes a second molt about twenty days from the 
larva. At each molt the old skin splits around the edge; of the body 
the upper half adhering to the covering scale and the lower forming a 
sort of ventral scale next to the bark. This form of molting is common 
to scales of this kind. 
The covering scales at this stage are of a more purplish gray, the 
portion covering the exuvia' inclining to yellowish. The male scales 
are more yellowish than the female. The effect of the sucking of the 
insects is uow quite apparent on the young growth, causing the bark 
^ 
Fig. 4.— Development of male insect: a, ventral view of larva after first molt ; b, same, after seoond 
molt (pro-pupa stage) ; c and d, true pupa, ventral and dorsal views. All greatly enlargi d. (Original.) 
to assume a purplish hue for some distance around the central portion, 
contrasting strongly with the natural reddish green of the uninjured 
bark. With the second molt the females do not change materially 
from their former appearance, retaining the pale yellow color with a 
number of transparent spots around the vd^ of the body. The suck- 
ing bristles are extremely long, two or three times the length of the 
body of the insect. The only distinctive features are in the last seg- 
ment and are noted in the technical description. 
About twenty days after birth the male insect transforms to the 
true pupa. With the first molt the shed larval skiu is retained beneath 
the scale as in the case of the female; with the later moltings the shed 
skins are pushed out from beneath the scale. The scale, after the 
second molt, presents on the inside two longitudinal ridges running 
from one end to the other, .touching the sides of the pupa, and which 
apparently enable the insect to move backward or forward and assist 
the imago in pushing itself out. 
