14 THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
cular of warning, and had nearly 12,000 copies mailed early in April 
to all Eastern agricultural newspapers and to very many Eastern fruit 
growers, whose addresses were obtained through the kindness of Mr. 
Heiges, Pomologist of the Department. As a result of the issuing of 
this circular many new localities for the scale were ascertained, a 
widespread interest in the subject was aroused, and careful investiga- 
tions were made in all the States to which there was any likelihood 
that the insect had been carried by nursery stock or other means. 
By the end of August, 1894, the scale was known to occur in the 
following localities in the East: In a rather widely extended district 
in Florida, one locality in Virginia, three in Maryland, one in Indiana, 
two in Pennsylvania, many in New Jersey, and one in New York, on 
the east bank of the Hudson Eiver a little below Albany. Very shortly 
afterwards, during the same summer, it was found on Long Island, 
occurring both in orchards and nurseries. Later in the fall the scale 
was found at three new localities in Maryland, and still later specimens 
were received from the extreme southern part of Georgia. In Decem- 
ber Professor Webster reported receiving the scale from a large orchard 
district in southern Ohio, and a little later specimens were received 
from Jefferson County, Ind. The scale was also found near New Castle, 
Del., in January, 1895, and additional localities were found during the 
following spring and summer of 1895 in some of the States mentioned, 
and also in Alabama, Louisiana, and Massachusetts. In nearly every 
instance the source of infestation in the East was the same, namely, 
one or the other of two important New Jersey nurseries. 
In the West it had previously been known in California, Washington, 
and New Mexico, and was especially noticed during 1894-95 in Arizona, 
Idaho, and British Columbia. The location of all the points of infes- 
tation will be referred to more in detail later on. 
PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFESTATION IN THE EAST. 
As stated, nearly all the Eastern occurrences of the San Jose scale 
were traced to two large New Jersey nurseries, from which infested stock 
had unwittingly been sent out broadcast for certainly six or seven years. 
The damage thus done to the fruit interests of the East by these nurs- 
erymen can hardly be estimated, and yet it must be admitted that they 
were, in a measure, blameless, since they were undoubtedly entirely 
unaware of the dangerous character of the scale insect which infested 
their stock. We can hardly avoid the conclusion, however, that they 
were aware that they were distributing diseased stock, since to deny 
this presupposes that the stock received no examination. If the scale 
was noticed it was doubtless supposed to be one of the common East- 
ern species, which, while bad enough, are of little importance compared 
with the San Jose scale. 
In our earlier publications upon this insect we deemed it inadvisable 
to state explicitly the precise location of the affected nurseries, largely 
