HISTORY OF IN THE UNITED STATES. 13 
established of the introduction into Eastern orchards of this worst 
scourge of deciduous trees on the Pacific Slope, as well as the fact that 
it was evidently able to maintain itself in the supposedly less favorable 
climate of the East. The importance of this discovery was at once 
realized, and two agents of the division, Messrs. Schwarz and Coquillett, 
were detailed to make a thorough investigation. In conjunction with 
the State Board of Agriculture of Virginia and under the supervision 
of Mr. Coquillett a thorough fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas 
was given to the infested trees and plants. 
The introduction of the scale was subsequently traced to currant 
bushes purchased from a New Jersey firm. 
In March, 1894, during Professor Riley's visit to the West Indies, the 
presence of the scale was determined by Mr. Howard at Riverside, 
Charles County, Md., in a rather large orchard situated on the river 
front, and including over two thousand peach and several hundred 
apple trees. The orchard was at once visited by Mr. Marlatt, who 
found that many of the trees were infested with the San Jose scale, 
large numbers having already perished. The infested stock was again 
in this instance traced to a New Jersey nursery. This orchard, on 
account of its proximity to Washington, and the facilities thus afforded 
for experiment, was used by the division in the testing of various 
washes for this scale. The outcome of this experimentation will be 
referred to under the proper heading. Much credit for the work is due 
the owner, who gave every facility for it and actively assisted in the 
treatments. 
During the same month (March, 1894) specimens of the San Jose 
scale were received from De Funiak Springs, Fla., through the ento- 
mologist of the Florida Experiment Station, Mr. P. H. Rolfs. 
Mr. H. G. Hubbard, one of the assistants of the division, was sent 
to Florida later in the spring, and at the request of the director of the 
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station visited the infested locality. 
He found the scales confined chiefly to peach and plum, occurring, 
however, in small numbers on Kieffer pears, pecan, and persimmon. 
Many thousands of trees were found to be infested, including nearly 
every orchard within a radius of 5 or 6 miles. The source of the infes- 
tation in this case was not definitely ascertained, but it was evident 
after examination that some infested nursery had sent a shipment of 
trees, and the indications were that there had been repeated importa- 
tions, the first indication of injury having been noted six years before. 
Immediately on receipt of the Florida specimens Mr. Howard con- 
cluded that as the scales had been found in three such widely separated 
localities, and as the information gained from the owners of two of the 
affected orchards led to the supposition that the original stock had been 
obtained from a large Eastern nursery, the probabilities were strong 
that the scale had established itself in many Eastern points during the 
preceding five or six years. He therefore immediately prepared a cir- 
