12 THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
the scale insects of Japan since his return to that country in 1893, but 
reports that he has not found Aspidiotus perniciosus. Mr. Koebele 
visited Japan the past summer, and has written us twice that he has 
been unable to find any positive evidence of the San Jose scale in 
Japan, nor has he yet found it in China, as we learn from a letter from 
Hongkong, dated November 12, 1895. 
The original home of the San Jose scale.is, therefore, still a matter of 
considerable doubt. That it was introduced into the San Jose Valley 
of California about the time and at the point mentioned there can be 
no question, but from what foreign source it came is still to be ascer- 
tained. It may prove to be indigenous in Australia; it may have come 
from Japan, China, or some other portion of eastern Asia, or perhaps 
from some of the islands in the Pacific. 
HISTORY IN CALIFORNIA AND THE WEST. 
The spread of the scale from the point of original infestation in the 
San Jose Valley was somewhat rapid, its area increasing in every direc- 
tion, but more rapidly toward the west and north. By 1873 it had 
become a serious pest about the point of its introduction, and in 1880 
Professor Comstock found it, and, as already alluded to, indicated its 
extreme importance, stating that he had never seen any other species 
so abundant and injurious as this was in certain orchards. Mr. Coquil- 
lett reports that in 1883 it had extended as far west as San Francisco, 
but that in 1886 it had not reached the important fruit districts of 
southern California. It has now spread throughout the States of Cali- 
fornia, Oregon and Washington, reaching British Columbia in the last 
few years. Eastward it has extended into Idaho on the north and into 
Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico on the south, also within the last 
few years. Some hope of relief in the future comes from the fact that in 
the earlier years of its appearance in California it was more destructive 
and more feared than it is at present. In California natural parasites 
have multiplied from year to year and various predaceous insects have 
become familiar with the scale, and, together with the parasites, have 
succeeded in reducing to some extent the excessive damage of earlier 
years. The fungous disease mentioned on a later page has also un- 
doubtedly had a hand in this reduction. 
HISTORY IN THE EAST. 
The occurrence of the San Jose scale in the East was first discovered 
early in August, 1893, in the grounds of Dr. C. H. Hedges, of Char- 
lottesville, Va. An infested pear had been sent by Dr. Hedges to Mr. 
Galloway, chief of the Division of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology 
of the Department of Agriculture, on the supposition that it was affected 
by a fungous disease. The fruit was submitted to the then Acting 
Entomologist, Mr. Howard, who immediately recognized the injury as 
due to the San Jose scale, and the startling and deplorable fact was 
