TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Letter of transmittal 3 
Introduction 9 
Importance of the insect 9 
History and present status 10 
Original home and occurrence in other countries 10 
History in California and the West 12 
History in the East 12 
Principal sources of infestation in the East 14 
Summary by States of distribution and present condition 17 
The probable outcome in the East 31 
Relation of climate to spread 33 
Habits and life history 36 
Nature of the damage 36 
Food plants 37 
Life history 38 
Descriptions of scale and insect 46 
Means of distribution 49 
The parasites and other natural enemies 51 
True parasites 51 
Preilaceous insect enemies 52 
A fungus disease 54 
Remedies and preventives 56 
Conflicting results between West and East 56 
Methods of control in California 56 
Methods of preparing washes followed in California 57 
Formulas recommended by the division 58 
The hydrocyanic acid gas treatment 59 
Method of fumigating orchard trees 59 
Method of fumigating nursery stock 60 
Experience with remedies in the East 61 
Difficulties met with 61 
Value of the different winter washes 61 
Soap-wash treatment on a large scale 62 
Greater value of the soap wash urged 62 
Desirability of a uniform grade of lish-oil soap 63 
Varying results and effects of washes on tree and insect 63 
Varying results on different parts of the same tree 6;> 
Action of insecticides on dormant scales 64 
Effect of the washes on the healtb of the tree and on fruiting IU 
Behavior of different washes and their cost (>."> 
Summary of recommendations (U> 
Record of experiments with winter washes 67 
The nursery question 71 
Legislation 72 
The sale of infested fruit 74 
Bibliography 71 
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