THE GREASY CUTWORM. 9 
which the moth emerged December 6. In Missouri full-grown larvae 
were found as early as May 1, but in no case did the moth- from them 
emerge until July. In his eighth report Lintner has discussed this 
species as an onion pest." The first larva pupated June Mi and the 
moth emerged July 12, while other larva? pupated July '1 and 6. Con- 
cerning the time of appearance of the moths he states: 
I have taken it as early as May 80, and in collections made by me "at sugar," 
have observed it every night through the months of June, July, and August, on over 
half the nights of September, and until the last week in October. 
The species was reported as injurious to cotton in Mississippi in 
1888. fi Grarman c states that the larvae are injurious from May to 
June 21; that adults have been taken from June 25 to September 23, 
and that newly emerged moths occur from June 29 to July 12. 
Quaintance, in his account of the tobacco insects of Florida/' states 
that the larva? may be found in all stages of growth throughout the 
winter. In Mar} land Johnson observed the species as a tobacco pest 
in late May and June, the first moths emerging Juh T 19/ In his 
Twenty-first Report of the Insects of Illinois/ reporting the species 
as an enemy of sugar beets, Dr. S. A. Forbes writes as follows: 
There is apparently but one brood each year, with many occasional irregularities 
in the stage of hibernation and periods of development. It seems usually to hiber- 
nate as a larva, pupating about June 1, and yielding the moth late in June and in 
July. The hibernating larva 1 are seldom found after July 15. Pupa- have, however, 
been found in winter, and adults, probably emerging from these, early in spring. 
It would seem, therefore, that not infrequently they winter as pupae, 
the moths from which lay eggs in early spring, and from these develop 
caterpillars, which do not transform until midsummer or August. 
Normally, however, the insect winters as a larva, and the mot lis 
emerge early in July. In Texas, at least in the southern part of the 
State, where this species is most injurious, there arc probably three 
generations. It must be remembered that the difference in latitude 
between St. Louis, Mo., and south-central Texas is equal to or greater 
than that between the former point and the northern boundary of the 
United States. Taking the length of seasons into account, it is only 
reasonable to suppose that the number of generations annually would 
increase in arithmetical progression as we go south. 
An exhaustive study of this and other species of cutworms, both in 
the South and North, would clear up many uncertain points relative 
to their life history. 
«1893: Eighth Report X. Y. State Ent. I. 1891, pp. 188-191. 
&1889: Insect Life, Vol. [, p. 217. 
cl895: Bul.58, Kentucky Agric. Exp. Sta., p.97. 
<*1898: Bui. 48, Fla. Agric. Exp. Sta., pp. 181-183. 
' L898: Bui. 55, Md. Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 143. 
/1900, p. 104, 2 tigs. 
15109— No. 57—06 2 
