TETTIGOXIA BIFIDA SAY. 63 
species appeared before a statement of its life history in the Pro- 
ceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science in 1897. The females 
are a light, bright green, very robust and thick bodied, the thorax 
very broadly covered, the ocelli small. There is a distinct black 
dot on each side of the pronotum about halfway from the middle 
to the margin; also a minute dot near the base of each wing cover, 
ijust back of the angle of the pronotum. It has been known to 
occur on a variety of grasses, more especially the lower growing, 
coarser grasses of swampy or boggy places. Whether it has a 
restricted habit for the deposition of eggs . or whether the n} T mphs 
are confined to any particular grass is not determined. There is 
only one generation, and the adults appear about the middle of July 
and remain until the latter part of September. Full-grown nymphs 
have been taken in Iowa from prairie grasses in early July. Evi- 
dently the eggs are deposited in autumn and survive the winter, 
presumably upon some of the coarse grasses on low ground. 
Tettigonia bifida Say. 
The species Tettigonia bifida Say has not figured as an economic 
insect, but on account of its wide distribution and its abundant oc- 
currence, in many instances, it seems worthy of more recognition than 
has been given to it. Its range of food plants is limited, the insect 
being found almost exclusively in or near wooded pastures, where it 
occurs especially in bluegrass and may be found as adult during a 
number of weeks in late summer. Its general life history was worked 
out in connection with the study of grass-feeding leafhoppers in Iowa 
some years ago, but aside from that no description of habits or life 
history has been given. 
The adult insect is about one-fourth of an inch long and of a deep 
greenish color and with circular alternate bands of black and white 
on the head and pronotum, and the forewings have seven distinct 
stripes, the dark one being forked near the middle. The adults are 
noticed early in July and become distinctly abundant by the middle 
and latter part of the month, after which they diminish in numbers 
and disappear early in autumn. Egg deposition occurs evidently 
during July or August and nymphs appear during these months. The 
nymphs when first observed were about half the length of the adults 
and fully as broad, with the surface of a powdery-white appearance. 
The head is large, broad, and deep, almost round in front. The eyes 
are dark, the wing-pads broad and short. The abdomen is somewhat 
keeled along the dorsal central line. These nymphs are distinctly 
different from those of any other members of the genus and may be 
easily recognized. While the species is not anything like so abundant 
as some of the other forms, it has been collected in rank bluegrass 
in such numbers as to give an estimate of 50,000 per acre. 
29460°— Bull. 108—12 5 
