44 LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
acter of the collections made and the second examination of the fields 
at Fargo, N. Dak., July 29, showed about the same condition as had 
been observed a month earlier with possibly a somewhat greater 
abundance of the common species in clover and timothy. 
Summing up in brief the observations in the northwestern States 
visited on this trip, it may be stated that leafhoppers were of very 
infrequent occurrence and practically of no economic significance at 
this season in the fields of wheat and oats but that the numbers occur- 
ring in the range land as well as in pastures and meadows were suffi- 
cient to cause a considerable drain upon the crop. 
Observations made by the author in Ohio, covering points at 
Akron, Wooster, Sandusky, Toledo, and Columbus, with other points 
in the central part of the State, showed only a moderate amount of 
jassid injury for the season and little indication of attack on fall 
wheat, although these observations were made too early in the season 
to determine fully in this regard. At Akron an interesting occurrence 
of Deltoceplialus apicatus Osb. was observed, and the food plant for the 
species there positively determined as Panicum liuachucse. This was 
found occurring on little clumps of its host plant in a meadow, includ- 
ing clover, bluegrass, and timothy. This leafhopper would be found 
strictly confined to the little patches, not occurring on adjacent 
grasses or other species. At another point it was taken in large num- 
bers from a small patch where no other grasses grew and individuals 
of different sizes, representing stages nearly all the way from newly 
hatched to adult, were found. So abundant was it at this point that 
about 150 specimens were taken at one sweeping. The host plant 
(DantJionia spicata) for Deltoceplialus melscheimeri was also found on a 
woody hillside where the grasses grew practically isolated so that there 
could be no question as to the host of the leafhopper. 
At Urbana, 111., in meadow land, including timothy, clover, etc., 
jassids occurred in large numbers, including Deltoceplialus inimicus, 
D. nigrifrons, and D. sylvestris Osb. and Ball in open fields, and D. 
weedii Van D., D. sylvestris, etc., in a woodlot. 
In Indiana at Lafayette and vicinity the pasture land examined 
was found to include the usual forms and in about the ordinary 
abundance. In a field of soy beans a few specimens of Empoasca 
mali were found, several larvae and a few adults, showing conclu- 
sively that the life history of this species was passed on this crop. 
Mr. W. J. Phillips informed me that he had found it quite com- 
mon earlier in the season and noted a distinct injury due to its 
presence. Most of the other plants in the field, except the variety in 
which were found specimens, were dead and the leafhoppers had 
doubtless migrated from them to find fresh food. Plant-lice were 
also found upon the same plants, but not in numbers to cause much 
injury. Alfalfa was found to be infested quite freely with Empoasca 
mali, both larvae and adults, and there were also several other spe- 
cies of leafhoppers, D. inimicus, Agallia, etc. An opportunity 
