102 
LEAFHOPPEES AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
The species was reported from Sharonville, Ohio, by Air. L. E. 
Shepherd, June 17, 1910, with the statement that "it attacked sec- 
ond crop of alfalfa and it is turning yellow from the effect.' ' 
These various records show a ready adaptability to the alfalfa, and 
indicate that the species must be reckoned with in the growing of this 
crop. 
THE NYMPHAL STAGES. 
The nymphs are light green, often with a yellowish tinge, and are 
found usually upon the underside of the leaves of the plants which 
they infest, clustered commonly beside the midribs and main ribs of 
the leaf, where they suck the juices of the leaf. 
~* / n. • 
/ 
Fig. 28.—Empoasca mali: Five nymphal stages. All enlarged. (After R. L. Webster.) 
The stages (see fig. 28) are described by Mr. R. L. Webster, as 
follows : 
Stage I. 
Length 1 mm. (average of 10 specimens). 
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs pale when first born. After the young hopper 
has taken some food into the body, the abdomen takes on a yellow color. The 
eyes are dull reddish. Two rows of six spines are on either side of the meson; 
one dorso-laterad, one ventro-laterad, in position; one spine in a row to the 
segment. Spines small, pale. Caudal border of metathorax blunt hi outline. 
Stage II. 
Length 1.26 mm. (average of 10 specimens). 
Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs pale green; eyes dull reddish, antenna, seg- 
ments I and II pale, remainder dusky. Caudal border of metathorax sharp in 
outline. 
Stage III. 
Length 1.56 mm. (average of 10 specimens). 
General color pale yellow, orange on dorsum of abdomen. Eyes dull reddish. 
The wing pads now appear quite distinctly and reach to the caudal border of 
the first abdominal segment. 
Stage IV. 
Length 1.86 mm. (average of 10 specimens). 
Head and thorax pale; abdomen pale yellow; eyes dull brownish. The wing 
pads now extend to the caudal extremity of the second abdominal segment. 
