42 THE CHINCH BUG. 
sibly a little less) which killed plant lice almost instantly, affected chinch bugs but 
slightly, if at all, and they afterward recovered and lived in confinement for many 
days. 
On August 15 applied kerosene emulsion to bugs accumulating on corn, using an 
emulsion diluted to contain about 6 per cent, kerosene and spraying with cyclone 
nozzle. Great numbers of bugs could be found dead within a few minutes after ap- 
plication, and on the followiug day hosts of dead could be found on the ground 
around the hills treated. In places, however, the stalks had become well covered by 
live bugs that had moved into fill the place of the slain. 
Subsequently the farm department applied it on a larger scale, using 5 to 6 per cent. 
emulsion, and spraying from barrels in a wagon, one man working the force-pump 
and another manipulating the hose and cyclone nozzle, walkiug rapidly among the 
hills of corn and directing the spray upon the masses of bugs. This resulted in the 
destruction of great numbers. In this application the cyclone nozzle was found by 
all means most satisfactory. 
I suggested its trial to some of my correspondents, and one letter received in reply 
is of sufficient interest to be noted : 
Cambridge, Iowa, July 20, 1887. 
Dear Sir : Your most satisfactory letter received some time since. The conclusion 
is a success; it was instant death to the chinch bugs. But it takes so much when 
you want to go over five or six acres that one can not staud the expense. It could be 
stood to go over it once or twice if I could have got the bugs all on the corn, but they 
would a part stay on the corn while the rest would lie under sods and anything else 
that would protect them from the sun. When your letter reached us they had left 
the wheat (which they fully destroyed), and had gone into the corn, which they killed 
for ten or twelve rows in some places, and some places not so far. Then they 
scattered over more territory for a time, but now they have left the corn (almost), 
having down away, I think. I am under obligations to you for your kindness. 
Very respectfully, 
J. E. Warren. 
Professor Osborn, 
Ames, loica. 
The use of kerosene can hardly be expected to prove of value except when the bugs 
are massing on corn. At this time, application to an acre or two of the field next 
to stubble may do much to save the rest of the field. By arranging nozzles with 
special reference to most efficient work in corn rows, and while corn is small enough 
to drive a team in the field astride of one row, I think spraying can be done quite 
thoroughly at a cost of 30 to 40 cents per acre for material. 
A cyclone nozzle, with pressure sufficieut to do good work, discharges about 1 pint 
of liquid per minute. Adjusting three nozzles to play upon one row of corn, one each 
side, and one from above, and allowing teams to walk slowly 2 miles per hour, and it 
will take 30 gallons of liquid per acre, which, usiug 5 to 6 per cent, emulsion, costs 
about 30 cents, exclusive of labor, which for team and man an hour and a quarter 
would be about 40 cents more. First cost of force pump must, of course, be consid- 
ered; the cost of labor on the farm, however, where the farmer uses his own team 
and does the managing of apparatus himself, might be counted less. By using only 
two nozzles or by driving faster the expense will be lessened. 
BOGUS CHINCH BUGS. 
Professor Riley figures ami describes in bis Seventh Report on the 
Insects of Missouri four species of Heteroptera which are frequently mis- 
taken for the Chinch Bug- and are often the cause of unnecessary alarm. 
We here reproduce the figures of these species. The first is the False 
Chinch Bug (Nysitis augustatusTJh\., Fig. 8), which was frequently sent 
