46 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
to birds. Since the pelvis was bird-like, and the tibia and 
tarsus bird-like, and the early dorsal vertebrae were often 
convex in front and concave behind, like the later dorsal 
vertebrae of Penguins, Professor Huxley strongly supported 
Cope’s conclusion that the Dinosauria made a near approach 
to birds. In later years Mr. Hulke, in England, has added 
largely to our knowledge of the Dinosaurian skeleton ; while 
in America, Professors Marsh and Cope have disinterred and 
described gigantic Dinosaurs, which for beauty of preservation 
and completeness of the skeleton surpass all the remains 
previously found in Europe. These later writers have adopted 
the doctrine of avian affinities for the Dinosauria. 
The whole of the Dinosauria, so far as is known at present, 
were land animals, and their remains are most abundant in 
those formations which give evidence of near proximity to 
land, such as the Trias, Wealden, and Greensand formations; 
though they are represented in almost all the other Secondary 
deposits. From indications of the characters of hind limb, 
vertebrae, and skull, I am inclined to believe that Protero- 
saurus, found in the Permian, and best known as the fossil 
Monitor of Thuringia, must be included in the Dinosaurian 
order. In the Trias, especially of Wiirttemberg, as may be 
seen in the magnificent collection administered by Dr. Fraas 
at Stuttgart, and in the University Museum established by 
Professor Quenstedt at Tubingen, Dinosaurs are especially 
abundant. Perhaps the most interesting types are Zanclodon 
and its allies, some of which are still undescribed. In Eng- 
land the Bristol conglomerate and other Triassic beds have 
yielded the remains of Thecodontosaurus, Palaeosaurus, and 
Teratosaurus. The Lias at Lyme Regis has yielded Scelido- 
saurus, and at least one other undescribed genus ; while another 
genus appears to be indicated in the Lias of Elgin. Megalo- 
saurus, though especially characteristic of the Stonesfield Slate 
and Wealden beds, commenced, so far as can be judged from 
teeth, in the Lias, and continued, as Professor Suess has 
discovered, to the Upper Greensand. Ceteosaurus, if indeed 
that name can be retained, abounds in the Forest-Marble, Kim- 
meridge Clay, and Wealden beds. Cryptosaurus and Megalo- 
saurus are both found in the Oxford Clay ; Piiodontognathus 
probably belongs to the Calcareous grit, though it may be 
Wealden. The Dinosaurs of the Kimmeridge Clay include 
Omosaurus, Gigantosaurus, and some doubtful forms ; the 
Wealden beds are characterized by Iguanodon, which, how- 
ever, ranges from the Kimmeridge Clay perhaps to the Upper 
Greensand. With it occur Iiykeosaurus, Hypsilophodon, 
Pelorosaurus, Polacanthus, V ectisaurus, and Ornithopsis ; while 
in the Upper Greensand of Cambridge, among other genera 
