357 
SCIENTIFIC SUMMAEY. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
Remains of the Stone Age near Tyre . — M. Lortet has communicated to 
the French Academy (Comptes Rendus, 16th August, 1880) the results of 
some explorations made by him at Hanaoueh, a small village among the 
mountains east of Tyre, at a distance of about two hours and a half from 
that place, and close to ‘ Hiram’s tomb.’ To the north of this, upon a hill 
are the ruins of a Phenician citadel, investigated by M. Renan, and at its 
base winds a wild and barren valley ( Wady-el- Ahkat) deeply cut into the 
thick deposits of a cretaceous limestone. Following the left wall of this 
ravine to the eastward, M. Lortet came upon some rock escarpments, which 
extend for a long distance, and upon them were carved in high relief a 
number of small statues, from 0'80 to 1 metre in height, having all the cha- 
racters of a very high antiquity. A little way from these singular monuments 
at the foot of an abrupt artificial face, about 4 metres in height, there were 
enormous blocks of a reddish rock, so hard as to be almost unbreakable with 
the hammer. This rock proved to be a conglomerate or breccia containing 
myriads of worked flints, and numerous fragments of bones and teeth. The 
soil all round was strewn with roughly-worked flints, among which were 
points and scrapers of the so-called Moustierian type. The flints are 
yellow or black, and of very fine grain ; those in the blocks are often ex- 
posed at the surface by the action of the weather, but the rock is so 
excessively hard that it is almost impossible to detach them from the 
gangue, and they break rather than separate from the cement that holds 
them together. 
A few fragments of teeth extracted from this intractable matrix are 
considered by M. Lortet to indicate the genera Cervus, Capra (or Ibex), 
Bos, and Rquus. M. Lortet remarks that this station seems to date from 
the most remote antiquity. The flints present a very primitive form, much 
more archaic than those found in the caves of the Nahr-el-Kelb, near Bey- 
rout, and a long series of centuries would be necessary to give to these 
kitchen remains a hardness equal to that of the most compact porphyry. 
He think sthat this matrix must have been formed in a cavern, the roof and 
walls of which were subsequently removed by the Proto-Phenicians, who 
NEW SERIES, YOL. IV. NO. XVI. B B 
