170 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
height of 200 feet, looking like vast glassy towers and mina- 
rets as they move steadily out to sea. We learn also from the 
recent expedition of the German Expedition of the Germania 
and Hansa , that the north-eastern district of Greenland is a 
great contrast, as regards climate, glaciers, and animal life, 
when compared with southern Greenland. In 75° 29 r of latitude 
N. they found abundance of reindeer. In 73° 13' N. a large 
fiord was discovered and entered by the Germania , and she 
ascended it for seventy-two miles. The further they ascended 
the warmer became the temperature of the air and the sea. The 
scenery of the country of South Greenland, about 70° N., is 
described by Mr. Whymper as “completely covered with glacial 
ice up to a great altitude, and at the summit formed a dead 
level.” The scenery as described from the reports of Captain 
Koldeway and Dr. Laube, up this north-eastern fiord entered by 
the Germania , is “ Alpine,” “ beautiful,” and “ imposing.” “An 
unknown land — the real interior of Greenland — revealed itself be- 
fore their astonished gaze.” Some mountains were ascertained to 
be as high as the Matterhorn (14,000 ft.), and one 7,000 feet high 
was ascended. Numerous glaciers, waterfalls, and cascades came 
down from the mountains, and reindeer and musk oxen roamed 
about in herds. Ermines and lemmings were also met with, 
but the Esquimaux appear to exist no longer in this district. 
The experiences of the crew of the Hansa were very different. 
'She was driven far to the south by winds and currents. Frost 
caught her by the middle of Sept., and the ship was frozen hard 
•and fast, without hope of escape from a winter in the ice. In 
Oct. the ice crushed up the ship, and the Hansa sank, leaving 
the crew on an icefloe. On this icefloe for 200 days they 
-lived and drifted, struggling continually amidst ice and storms, 
and suffering frequently from bitter hunger. In May they 
were enabled to launch their boats, and on June 13 reached the 
station of Friedrichstal, after enduring the most terrible hard- 
ships.* We learn from such voyages the importance the gla- 
xjialist must attach to the drifting of icefloes and icebergs. The 
superficial area of the floe on which the crew of the Hansa were 
saved was upwards of three square miles ; and arctic voyagers, 
in the high northern latitude of Spitzbergen, have seen bergs 
drifting along loaded with thousands of tons of rocks and earth, 
which on melting fall to the bottom of the sea, or against some 
coast or island near which the berg is stranded. Such must 
have been the history of the transportation of the boulders 
which have come from ^Norway and Sweden, and which were 
deposited on the coast of Norfolk, above the submerged Cromer 
* See “ Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society,” vol. xv. No. 2, 
•July 1871, p. 102, &c. 
