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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
from the Alpine regions of frost. The old ice track is sur- 
rounded by the blue waters of the lake; and the nightingale 
sings in the grove, and the fire-fly flits, on a summer night, 
above the glacier’s ancient bed, while miles away glisten the 
snows of Monte Eosa. Nor is it only by the Italian lakes we 
see the remains of glacier action of days long since passed away. 
Everywhere among the mountains and hills which surround 
Como and Lugano are the old ice-marks, showing that where 
now the sheep pastures and wild flowers are blossoming, ice 
masses crept for long ages over land surfaces which now nourish 
the fig-tree and the vine. I might give many more examples, 
but will only allude here to the colossal moraines of a vast 
glacier which, during the Glacial Epoch, swept down to Ivrea in 
the plains of the Po, near Turin. Hills higher than the 
Malverns (1,500 feet), and fifteen miles in length, are there 
entirely composed of moraine matter, containing enormous 
erratics brought by an old glacier from the high Alps between 
Monte Eosa and Mont Blanc. I have observed also that the 
ice of the Glacial Epoch extended much farther south than was 
formerly supposed. When visiting the shores of the Mediter- 
ranean, between Frejus and G-enoa, two years ago, I was struck 
with the moutoneed appearance of some of the rocks both 
inland and on the coast. This evidence, too, corresponded with 
that of the Mentone Caves, where the remains of the mammoth, 
hairy rhinoceros, marmot, and reindeer showed that the climate 
there must have once been very different to the present, for all 
these animals are northern forms, and must have migrated 
during the Glacial Epoch to the shores of the Mediterranean 
from their former home in Siberia. Still it was hazardous to 
speculate upon an accumulation of ice down vales now occupied 
by olive, orange, and lemon groves, and where even the palm- 
tree now flourishes. I succeeded, however, with the aid of my 
friend Mr. Moggridge, notwithstanding the immense amount 
of atmospheric debris with which the country is masked, in 
tracing glacial action among the picturesque hills which rise 
above Mentone. To one of these I had the pleasure of conduct- 
ing my friends Sir W. Gruise and Captain Price. This was 
below the old Castle of Agnesi, where a glaciated, polished, and 
grooved-rock surface had been laid bare by the quarrying of a 
mass of angular debris, which had protected the glaciated 
surface from weathering. I believe this breccia to be of the 
same age as that which contains the bones of the mammoth, 
marmot, and bison at the Mentone Caves. Higher up. among 
several cols my friend Mr. Moggridge conducted me to 
localities where are erratic rocks which he recognised as belong- 
ing to the mountains which range in the direction of the Col de 
Tenda, and could only have been stranded where we found them 
