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between the molluscan and vertebrate animals. Plate xiii. represents the- 
two perfect types side by side; and though of course there are distinctive 
marks, yet the resemblance of the two organisms is singularly forcible. 
We are glad to observe too that the author draws the following conclu- 
sion to his remarks on thi3 subject : u Of course we do not mean to say by this 
that vertebrate animals are derived from tunicate animals, but merely that 
both groups have arisen out of a common root, and that the tunicates of all 
the invertebrata are the nearest blood-relations of the vertebrates.” 
In reference to the question, from which of the quadrumana did man 
originate ? Professor Haeckel thinks that the 11 human race is a small branch 
of the group of Catarrhini , and has developed out of long since extinct apes of 
this group in the old world” And when on this subject he refers to Professor 
Huxley’s remarks,* which show that man, is nearly as much as the ape, a 
foot-handed animal ; for that various tribes of men, the Chinese boatmen, 
the Bengalee workman, and the negro, when climbing, use the great toe in 
the same manner as the monkey, and therefore that the possession of only 
a single pair of hands is not to be looked on as a character of the human 
race. He also points out a fact necessary to be observed by unscientific 
people, viz. that none of the man-like apes are to be regarded as the parents 
of the human race, but that the “ ape-like progenitors of the human race- 
are long since extinct.” In concluding his work Professor Haeckel remarks 
on the desire of some who are not actually opponents of the doctrine of 
Descent. “ They await,” he says, 11 the sudden discovery of a human race- 
with tails, or of a talking species of ape.” But such manifestations, as the 
author very properly observes, would not furnish the proof desired, and 
unthinking persons would be provided with as satisfactory (?) arguments 
as they nowadays employ in hurling their defiance against all who are 
evolutionists. 
And now we must bring our notice of this most admirable work to a close 
and while we bid adieu, or rather au revoir f to the author, we must say a word 
in thanks to the publishers, who have not only done their part of the work 
“most excellently” well, but who have shown a courage that many would 
have shrunk from in bringing out this book in its English guise. 
THE RECOBD OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE.f 
T HIS work forms a valuable addition to geological literature, and supplies 
a want that must have been frequently felt by the student and worker 
in geological science. Although it includes only notices of works relating 
to geology during one year (1874), it comprises more than 2,000 separate 
entries of books, memoirs, maps, and sections which have appeared in that 
* “ On our Knowledge of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic 
Nature.” By Professor Huxley, F.R.S. London: Hardwicke. 1862. 
f “ The Geological Record for 1874. An Account of Works on Geo- 
logy, Mineralogy, and Palaeontology published during the year.” Edited by 
W. Whitaker, B.A., F.G.S. London, 1875. 
