WHAT IS THE MEANING OF HUMAN PERSONALITY? 395 
end in a sort of cure. I dare expect no other, and if it come it will be in 
twelve to fifteen years, at a critical age.” 
It is a pity that this story is not told with more complete- 
ness ; for, although nothing of much importance is omitted in 
the preceding condensation of the original account, it leaves us 
without many facts which should have been recorded. After 
the first hysterical attack, the girl appears to have had two per- 
sonalities strongly marked by differences of character. In one 
state she was morose and melancholy ; in the other lively and 
agreeable. Was this state like her original condition before 
puberty, allowing for the usual development between one age 
and another ? Dr. Azam gives us no information on this point. 
He tells us that “ in her second life her moral and intellectual 
faculties, though different, were incontestably sound.” But it 
was in this state she became too familiar with the young man 
whom she subsequently married — a transaction of which she 
had no cognizance in what the doctor terms her 66 normal ” 
state, misusing that word, which he subsequently employs with 
more propriety to designate that condition in which she came 
into the world, and in which, while it lasted, she behaved like 
other children. 
The second state, the birth one being her first, was that of 
an intermittent personality ; the third of two personalities, 
composed of the second, and a new one, occurring in alterna- 
tions, and linked together by those actions of memory and 
consciousness described at the beginning of this paper in the 
words of Dr. Carpenter. 
Should a cure ultimately ensue, as Dr. Azam expects, her 
final state would apparently be a reversion to her birth state, 
with such modifications as naturally belong to lapse of time. 
Suppose, instead of an act of impropriety during the second 
state, she had committed a robbery or an assassination, no 
moral responsibility could have been assumed to rest upon her 
with any certainty by any one acquainted with her history ; 
though without a knowledge of the previous facts no excuse 
would have appeared. 
In these double consciousness cases the original personality 
is only lost at intervals ; but when, in confirmed insanity, a 
patient supposes himself quite another character, and assumes 
the thoughts and feelings considered proper to such a character, 
the original personality, as an essential property, disappears 
altogether. Temporary disappearances of the real personality 
and its replacement by an assumed one, not only occurs in 
cases of insanity, but can be induced by the action on the ner- 
vous system of what has been termed “ electro-biology.” Thus 
Dr. Carpenter records having seen a lady “ metamorphosed 
into the worthy clergyman on whose ministry she attended, and 
with whom she was personally intimate.” He says “he shall 
