SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY. 
427 
About 5 more litres of the solution were next run through the filter, and the 
filtrate wa3 examined with the following results : — Milligrams of albuminoid 
ammonia per litre of liquid — No. 1, 006 ; No. 2, 0-04. Showing how com- 
pletely the filtration had removed the morphia from the solution. As a 
further corroboration, advantage was taken of the reducing properties pos- 
sessed by morphia, which decolourised standard solution of permanganate, 
and which may be titrated with such a solution. Before submitting it to 
filtration, 100 cubic centimetres of the solution of morphia reduced 8*5 c.c. 
of decinormal permanganate solution. After filtration, 100 c.c. of the liquid 
did not reduce any appreciable quantity of the permanganate. Thus it has 
been proved that one single filtration through a thickness of 6 inches of 
“ silicated carbon ” is sufficient to remove morphia from a solution contain- 
ing 132 m.grms. of the hydrochlorate of morphia in 1 litre of water (or 9*24 
grains per gallon). 
GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY. 
The Geology of the Carrara Marbles. — Mr. G. A. Lebour makes the follow- 
ing observations on this subject in the “Geological Magazine” (July). The 
statuary marbles of Carrara have in turn been referred to the — 
1. Eruptive series. 1829, Savi. 
2. Cretaceous. 1833, Savi. 
3. Oolite (without further specialization). 1843, Savi. 
4. Palaeozoic, probably Carboniferous. 1845, Coquand. 
5. Jurassic and Liassic. 1845, Pilla. 
6. Infra-Lias and Rhsetic. 1847, Pilla. 
7. Lower Lias. 1851, Savi and Meneghini; 1856, Cocchi; 1862, Savi. 
8. Base of Verrucano (Trias or Permian). 1862, Capellini. 
9. Lower Carboniferous. 1864, Cocchi ; 1875, Coquand. Generally 
admitted. 
Let us hope that these ill-treated beds have now found a permanent rest. 
Still it is painful to see how long it has taken fur the truth to prevail in this 
case. Had not the unlooked-for discovery of fossiliferous carboniferous beds 
taken place, the very clear stratigraphical evidence adduced by Coquand in 
1845, strengthened by his determination of triassic beds at Spezia, would 
have gone for nought against the preconceived theories of high authority. 
The Glaziers of the North Slope of the Alps. — At the meeting of the 
Geological Society (May 24), reported in the “ Geological Magazine ” (July), 
Professor Alphonse Eavre, E.M.G.S., read a paper on the above subject. 
The author illustrated his remarks by a map on a scale of show- 
ing the space occupied by the old Swiss glaciers at the time of their greatest 
extension, and founded in part upon evidence obtained since 1867, when he, 
in conjunction with Professor Studer and M. L. Soret, issued an “Appel 
aux Suisses ” for the preservation of erratic blocks. He said that in existing 
glaciers two parts may be recognised — an upper one, the reservoir or feeding 
glacier, and a lower one, the flowing glacier. Applying this division to the 
old glaciers, it appears that in the glaciers of the Rhone and Rhine the 
