REVIEWS. 
189 
colder parts of the world ? "What are the habits of Atta structor and A. 
barbara when living as they are known to do in Switzerland, Germany, and 
Northern France ? How do the ants contrive to preserve the seeds in their 
granaries free from germination and decay P How are the seed-stores of 
tropical ants disposed below ground, and of what do they consist? and 
lastly, Do harvesting- ants exist in the southern states of North America, 
in Australia, New Zealand, or at the Cape ? ” The book shows how much 
may be done by anyone who will determinedly follow out a course of na- 
tural history studies ; for here an invalid has, by constant research, produced 
n volume which is of the very highest interest and value as an addition to 
our works on practical investigation. 
RELIGION AND SCIENCE.* 
C ERTAINLY it is long since a book with such an important bearing on 
society and so thoroughly scientific, and therefore impartial, was placed 
in the hands of the British public, as that of Professor Draper’s “ Conflict 
between Religion and Science.” And assuredly very few men could have 
been found so thoroughly able to criticise the scientific side, and yet to enter 
freely upon the literary, as the learned Professor of Physiology in the Uni- 
versity of New York. Dr. Draper has shown, both by the publication of an 
admirable book on physiology and by the issue of a work which is now in 
many modern languages, “ The History of the Intellectual Development of 
Europe,” that he possesses in no ordinary degree the kind of skill required 
in a writer on such an important topic as that he has taken in hand. And 
he has exhibited his power, we think to the greatest extent possible, in the 
construction of the present book. And what, it will be asked, has he done ? 
It is certainly hard in a very brief space to point it out, but nevertheless 
we shall endeavour to indicate what the author of the work before us has 
done. First, he sketches the early introduction of science, which he clearly 
shows was due to the Alexandrians, and this was prior to the introduction 
of Christianity. Then he dwells on the influence of Christianity, and 
shows how one of its first effects was the extinction of the Alexandrian 
schools. Next he points to the efforts of Mohammedanism, and proves that 
it was in the main the doctrine of the unit}’’ of God, and shows how it 
severed much of Asia and Africa, and also Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Car- 
thage, from the Roman empire. This event, he tells us, was followed by 
the establishment of schools, colleges, and libraries throughout the dominions 
of Arabia. The result of this was “a second conflict, that respecting the 
nature of the soul. Under the designation of Averroism there came into 
prominence the theories of emanation and absorption. At the close of the 
Middle Ages the Inquisition succeeded in excluding these doctrines from 
* u History of the Conflict between Religion and Science.” By John 
William Draper, M.D., LL.D., Professor in the University of New York. 
London: Henry S. King, 1875. 
