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Analogy would make it universal. Messrs. Daliinger and 
Drysdale have traced it amongst a group of minute monads, 
and it has been found in many of the fungi. With regard to- 
the latter, the reader may he referred to “ Cooke and Berkeley’s 
Fungi, their Nature, &c.” and to M. VonTieghem’s experiments 
on the fecundation of Coprimes ephemeroides , a little agaric 
found on dung. He confirmed the statements of M. Beess 
respecting C. stecorarius , and showed that this fungus produced 
male elements in the form of minute rods, and these behaved 
somewhat like pollen to the female cells.* The recognition of 
sexuality in fungi is not new, and it is many years since M. 
Tulasne discovered that some of them produce spermatozoids. 
M. Claude Bernard observes that “ sexuality is the paramount, 
universal, and necessary mode in which resides the true unity 
exhibited in the entire series of animals and plants. Its mecha- 
nism may be complicated and very uncommon, but physiological 
analysis succeeds in demonstrating their essential identity when 
reduced to their elementary conditions.” 
The germs of some organisms are so minute as to defy detec- 
tion with existing means. We shall find this the case with 
some of the monads investigated by Messrs. Daliinger and 
Drysdale, and the fact is alluded to by Dr. Burdon Sanderson in 
his paper on “ The Pathology of the Infective Processes.” f He 
is speaking of the bacteria connected with splenic disease, first 
discovered by Pollender, and at a later time independently by 
Davaine, and remarks : “Although the blood of animals affected 
with splenic fever always contain the staff-shaped bodies if it is 
examined at a sufficiently advanced period, the disease can be 
communicated by the inoculation of blood in which these bodies 
either are not present, or at all events not in such numbers as to 
admit of their being made out microscopically. This was originally 
stated by Brauell, and has been recently confirmed by Bollinger. 
It has been proved experimentally that two liquids of 
the same chemical constitution, and placed under exactly the 
same circumstances ( [i.e . both completely protected from exter- 
nal contamination), may stand in an entirely different relation 
to the ordinary bacteria which pervade all aqueous media, the 
difference consisting in this : that whereas one of the liquids is 
proved to be prone to the breeding of bacteria by their appear- 
ing in it, as if spontaneously, the other may be kept for any 
length of time without such development taking place.” 
In another passage the same authority observes : “ In com- 
mon ubiquitous bacteria, those which are concerned in putre- 
factive changes are known to be, in their ordinary active state, 
* u Coraptes Kendus,” Feb. 8, 1875. 
t u Public Health Eeports,” New Series, No. 111. 1874. 
