WAS MAN A CONTEMPORARY OF THE MAMMOTH ? 
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skeletons of Zeuglodon, besides portions of other Mastodon and 
Zeuglodon individuals. Dr. Koch’s “ St. Louis Museum ” con- 
tained, in 1840, according to Dr. Horner, “ two hundred or 
more teeth of the Mastodon and American Elephant, a dozen or 
more lower jaws of the Mastodon, with very numerous specimens 
of other parts of the head and skeleton generally, though no 
perfect head ; ” “ the skeleton nearly complete of a Mastodon ; ” 
and, besides, “ the head of an animal which Mr. Koch calls non- 
descript,” which Dr. Horner thought to be that of a Mastadon, 
and another interesting Mastodon relic, “ denominated by the 
proprietor (Dr. Koch) Missourium Kochii .” 
The two cases of the discovery of human remains along with 
those of the Mastodon, mentioned by Dr. Koch, are described 
in the pamphlets published in London and elsewhere abroad ; 
in the “Transactions of the St. Louis Academy,” vol. i. p. 61, 
1857 ; and the first of the cases at an earlier date in a news- 
paper article of January 1839, cited in vol. xxxvi. of 66 Silliman’s 
American Journal” (1839). This earliest account was written 
by Dr. Koch himself, the discoverer, for it is all in the first 
person ; and, as it appeared within a few months of the discovery, 
it best deserves citation. It is therefore here republished, and 
after it, that of the second case, from the pamphlet of 1843. 
I. “ It is with the greatest pleasure the writer of this article 
can state, from personal knowledge, that one of the largest of 
these animals has actually been stoned and burned by Indians, 
as appears from implements found among the ashes, cinders, 
and half burned wood and bones of the animal. The circum- 
stances are as follows : 
“ A farmer in Gasconade County, Missouri, lat. 38° 20' N., Ion. 
92° W., wished to improve his spring, and in doing so, discovered, 
about five feet beneath the surface, a part of the back and hip 
bone. Of this I was informed by Mr. Wash (Walsh in pamphlet 
of 1843); and not doubting but the whole, or nearly the whole 
skeleton might be discovered, I went there and found as had 
been stated, also a knife made of stone. I immediately com- 
menced opening a much larger space ; the first layer of earth 
was a vegetable mould, then a blue clay, then sand and blue 
clay. I found a large quantity of pieces of rocks, weighing from 
two to twenty-five pounds each, evidently thrown there with the 
intention of hitting some object. It is necessary to remark, 
that not the least sign of rocks or gravel is to be found nearer 
than from four to five hundred yards ; and that these pieces were 
broken from larger rocks, and consequently carried here for some 
express purpose. After passing through these rocks, I came to 
a layer of vegetable mould ; on the surface of this was found 
the first blue bone, with this a spear and axe ; the spear corre- 
sponds precisely with our common Indian spear, the axe is 
