45 
8. Describe the "working of coal by the long-wall system, 
1st, with respect to the cutting or getting of the coal ; 2ndly, 
with respect to the arrangement of the works. 
9. Give a description of three of the best kinds of safety lamp ; 
and state under what circumstances in a colliery Davy's lamp 
ceases to be secure, and what are the merits of the others hitherto 
introduced. 
10. State, with due regard to velocities, areas, and volumes, 
the successive improvements which have been introduced into 
the general system of ventilation of the great collieries of 
Northern England. 
11. What is the principle and construction of jigging machines, 
and how may they be modified for the washing of coal ? 
Warington W. Smyth. 
EXAMINATION IN MINERALOGY. 
24£& June 1861. 
1. Enumerate the laws of crystallography which have reference 
to, 1st, the combinations of faces of different forms in crystals ; 
2dly, to the variable length of the principal axis. 
2. Describe the chiefly important hemihedral forms of the 
cubical system of crystallisation, indicating from what holohedral 
forms they are derived. 
3. Illustrate by reference to some particular mineral the leading 
forms and combinations of the oblique system. 
4. Give examples among the non-metallic minerals of sub- 
stances in which the colour is characteristic, and of others in 
which colour is no criterion. 
5. Describe fully the more important minerals from w'liich iron 
is manufactured. 
6. State what minerals commonly occur -with the above, and 
what substances which contain a large per-centage of iron are 
nevertheless unfit for iron making. 
7. Name 12 specimens placed on the table, stating by what 
characteristics the species are recognizable. 
8. Give an account of the physical characters of the three 
species formed by oxide of Titanium. 
9. What are the physical and chemical characters of some four 
silicate minerals frequently found to occur in metamorphic rocks ? 
10. Describe mineralogically the gems termed sapphire, spinel, 
amethyst, opal, and zircon, and name their chief localities. 
