EVIDENCES OF THE AGE OF ICE. 
117 
with us, as a fossil, that we may fairly assume he belonged 
to the earlier praeglacial cave period, as did the panther, lion, 
lynx, hippopotamus, two species of rhinoceros, and one variety of 
mammoth ( Elephas contiquus). 
If the Esquimaux of Greenland live on the borders of the ice- 
fields, and many animals flourish there also, and birds are most 
abundant, it is fair to assume that, on the retreat of the ice, man 
and animals advanced and occupied all the fertile valleys and 
pursued the chase as the Lapps, Finns, Tungusians, Samoiedes, 
Fig. 4. 
DIAGRAM OF THE SOUTH POLAR CONTINENT. 
To illustrate tlie vast land area forming the gathering ground for the great 
Antarctic icebergs. The darker parts along the margins of the South Polar 
land indicate those portions which have been actually coasted along, such as 
South Victoria Land (with Mounts “ Erebus” and “ Terror”), Enderby Land, 
Trinity Land, &e. 
American Indians, and Esquimaux have done in our times 
fiu'ther north. 
We speak of the stable land; but we must always remember 
that, whether the land is upheaved by volcanic energy from 
beneath, or the sea-level lowered by the abstraction of water and 
the piling up of snow and ice on the circumpolar lands, the effect 
is the same to man as an observer. This however we know, that 
in the latest geological period — the Tertiary (both Miocene and 
Pliocene) early man may have been a witness of some of the 
