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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
from them, those which specially characterize the still earlier 
Pleistocene deposits are equally absent ; Man also, during the 
Prehistoric period, seems to have had much to do with the in- 
troduction of many of the domestic animals of Europe. “ The 
dog, the domestic hog, the horned sheep, the goat, the Celtic 
short-horn, and the larger ox descended from the great Pleis- 
tocene Urus, make their appearance together with Neolithic 
man ” (see u Cave-Hunting”) ; and “ the wild fauna of Europe, 
as we have it now, dates from the beginning of the Prehistoric 
age, and consists merely of such animals as were able to survive 
the changes by which their Pleistocene congeners were banished 
or destroyed” (ibid). When we turn to the earliest class of caves, 
the Pleistocene, we at once recognize an enormous difference in 
the nature of their contents, when compared with those of the 
succeeding classes. First of all we are struck with the entire 
absence of any trace of the domestic animals in the Pleistocene 
deposits, whilst at the same time we encounter a large number 
of species, which either became extinct or else migrated to 
other climes before the commencement of the Prehistoric epoch, 
as for instance, the Cave Lion, Elephas antiquus , Glutton, 
Woolly Rhinoceros, Spotted Hyaena, Rhinoceros hemitcechus ; 
Cave Bear, Bison, Mammoth, Hippopotamus, &c. 
We still find the lion, the hyaena, and the hippopotamus in 
Africa, and the bison in Central Europe. It would appear from 
this migration and extinction of species that very considerable 
changes, both of climate and of physical geography, must have 
taken place between the Pleistocene and the succeeding period, 
involving an expenditure of time the length of which we have 
no certain means of estimating. The numerous researches 
which have been lately carried on into the contents of British 
caves show us that we have in this country a large number of 
caves representing more than one of the periods referred to ; 
and that whilst some of the caves belong to the latest periods 
only, those which contain relics of the earliest period will con- 
tain also in their upper beds remains belonging to one or both 
of the later ones. Thus the Victoria Cave, which is in its 
deeper deposits of Pleistocene age, is linked to historical times 
by the presence of debased coins of some of the Roman Em- 
perors, and also contains relics of Neolithic occupation. The 
Brit-Welsh, who were forced to seek shelter in caves from 
their powerful invaders, have left traces of their presence, not 
only in various caves in Yorkshire, but also in Staffordshire 
and Derbyshire, as well as in Lancashire, and as far south as 
Devonshire. 
We must not confound the bronze ornaments found in these 
caves with the bronze implements, &c., which are sometimes 
found both in caves and tumuli of a very different date, and 
