THE BECENT FOSSIL MAN. 
287 
he might or might not have been co-existent with the extinct 
animals of whose bones so many were found in the cave earth in 
which the skeleton was interred. But close by, in front of the 
cave there was, as has been suggested to me, irresistible evidence 
that man lived in those caves (there are four or five of them) at 
the same time that animals now extinct were living in the neigh- 
bourhood. For in front of the cave is a talus , formed of breccia 
fallen from the cliff above. The stones forming this breccia 
are as sharp and angular as when they fell from the cliff, and 
they are cemented by lime and iron into a hard conglomerate. 
In this conglomerate, whilst making the railway cutting two 
years ago, were found numerous implements of flint — knives, 
spear and arrow heads, and cores of flints, from which these 
had been broken off, also bones of animals now extinct, and 
bones of animals now existing. Now as the stones forming the 
conglomerate are so very sharp and angular, it seems to me to 
be very conclusive evidence that they are lying where they first 
fell, and that the bones and flints amongst them are also lying 
just where they were thrown by the inhabitants of the caves 
above.” 
The report of Dr. Riviere will no doubt lay all the facts 
before us, as to this and the other caves, to which attention had 
been drawn by M. W. De Suiram, in 1869, and also by Dr. 
Falconer, who, in 1858, after examining at Nice the brecciated 
mass of human bones discovered near St. Hospice, visited the 
Rocco Rosso caverns near Mentone, which had previously 
yielded such abundant relics of long-continued human occupa- 
tion, upon the exploration of M. Franpois Forel. 
In connection with this subject Mr. John Evans, in his recent 
work on “Ancient Stone Implements,” June, 1872, states that 
the difference in the faunas of the palaeolithic aad neolithic 
periods is of great importance, as affording some guide in judg- 
ing of the antiquity of human remains when found in caverns 
without any characteristic weapons or implements ; such, for 
instance, as the human skull cited by Mr. Boyd Dawkins as 
having been found in a cave at the head of Cheddar Pass, in 
Somersetshire. For it must never be forgotten that the occupa- 
tion of caves by man is not confined to any definite period ; 
and that even in the case of the discovery of objects of human 
workmanship in direct association with the remains of the 
Pleistocene extinct mammals, their contemporaneity cannot be 
proved without careful observation of the circumstances under 
which they occur, even if then. Another point may also be 
here mentioned, namely, that where there is evidence of the 
occupation of a cavern by man, and also by large carnivores, 
they can hardly have been tenants in common, but the one 
must have preceded the other, or possibly the occupation by 
each may have alternated more than once. 
