IIEVIEWS. 
73 
\ ■window-panes witli its knuckles. This ■was difficult, as the flies buzzed 
, about, and at each attempt the lips were firmly compressed, and at the 
same time slightly protruded.” 
1 Although the elephant is not very near man relationally, it is remarkable 
that in one respect there is a singular analogy, if it be only that between 
the eye and its purposes in both. Of this there are various examples given, 
the most singular of which is a case recorded by Sir E. Tennent, in his book 
upon Ceylon. In this he distinctly cites cases of weeping in the elephant. 
Of these, it was only some which had been absolutely captured that wept J 
the others, which were still at large, did not weep, it being supposed that 
they kept their eyes clear for the purpose of seeing and avoiding those who 
were in pursuit of them. Mr. Darwin, too, very carefully compares the 
expressions of men, which he appears to have made an elaborate study of, 
with the similar ways of expression carried out in the ape tribe, and with 
most interesting results. But, apart from this he has gone carefully into 
the muscular movements of the face in man, and has most elaborately 
illustrated them by photographs, which are taken from M. Duchenne’s 
and other equally reliable sources. This part of his book is most in- 
teresting and instructive, and will well repay perusal. We think that, 
in some few cases, the author has pushed his opinions farther than rigidly 
logical reasoning would permit. But in all such cases he puts his views 
forward as tentative, and appears to be quite ready to give them up should 
other and more conclusive ones be established. While we are finding fault, 
we may mention a character which strikes us as being singularly appa- 
rent in the present volume, and that is, the scrap-book tendency of the book. 
There sometimes is a want of that clear, calm, and closely-reasoned mode of 
giving examples and of drawing deductions which is so essential in a work 
like the present. Of course it is only in occasional instances that it is 
apparent, but if it were avoided the book would be unquestionably im- 
proved. To be sure, the last chapter is clearly logical ; but then this is to 
our minds, if anything, a little too conclusive, when we consider how ex- 
tremely rudimentary are the facts. Still, tout entier^ the book is marvellous 
in its forcible and terse dealing with a vast multitude of facts ; and the illus- 
trations which the author has given are as effective as they are truthful 
renderings of physiognomic facts. 
MANUAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY.* 
T hebe can be little doubt that, as the author says, there is a want of a 
good treatise on Palaeontology. Indeed, that want has been sadly felt 
by students. For it has been impossible to find in the English language 
any treatise on the general history of fossil organisms which was quite 
within the range of the student, and withal gave some account of the more 
* A Manual of Palaeontology for the Use of Students, with a general 
Introduction on the Principles of Palaeontology.” By Henry Alleyne 
Nicholson, M.D.,'D.Sc., B.A., F.G.S., Professor of Natural History in 
University College, Toronto. Edinburgh : Blackwood & Son. 1872. 
