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POPULAR SCIENCE REYIEW. 
These are(beginning'with the lowest): 1 . Monotremata (Duck- 
billed Platypus and Echidna). 2. Marsupialia (pouched beasts). 
3. Edentata (sloths, ant-eaters, &c.). 4. Ungulata (hoofed 
beasts). 5. Prohoscidea (elephants). 6. Sirenia (Dugong and 
Manatee). 7. Cetacea (whales, porpoises). 8. Carnivora (flesh- 
eating beasts). 9. Rodentia squirrels, hares, &c.). 10. In- 
sectivora (moles, hedgehogs, shrews, &c.). 11. Cheiroptera 
(bats), ik Primates, 
The order Primates contains man (zoologically considered) 
and all the apes and Lemurs ; and it is subdivided into two 
great groups or sub-orders. The first of these contains man and 
the creatures most like him (the apes), on which account it has 
been called Anthropoidea. The second sub-order contains the 
Lemurs proper and the animals most like them, on which ac- 
count it has been called Lemuroidea, the creatures contained 
in it when spoken of being generally also termed “ Half-Apes” 
or “ Lemur oids,^’’ 
The animals contained in these two sub-orders are exceedingly 
different, respectively, in structure, and there can be no question 
but that the anatomical differences between man and the lowest 
apes are very much less than those which distinguish the lowest 
apes from the highest of the half-apes. 
The Anthropoidea may conveniently be spoken of as man 
and apes, but structurally the group is divisible into three 
f amities the first of which {Hominidce) contains rhan only 
(Homo). 
The apes may be classed in two families (which, however, 
scarcely differ so much from each other as do the apes, as a 
whole, from man), which are as *neatly distinguished by geogra- 
phical distribution as by structural differences. 
The first of these two ape families is termed Simiadce, and is 
made up of the apes of the Old W orld. These are, in fact, almost 
confined to Africa and Southern Asia, the Eock of Gribraltar 
and Japan being the northern limits of the group. 
The second ape family is called Cebidoe, and is exclusively 
confined to Tropical America. 
The Simiadce are again subdivided into three smaller groups 
or sub-families : 1. fheSirniince; 2. Semnopithecince; and 3, Cyno- 
pithecince. The first of these sub-families contains the Gforilla, 
the Chimpanzee, the Orang, and the Gfibbons — or long-armed 
apes. These creatures are the apes which, on the whole, are most 
like man. They are often therefore emphatically spoken of as 
* Orders (or sub-orders) are always in zoology subdivided into smaller 
groups, each of which is termed a family, and each family is again sub- 
divided into smaller and more subordinate groups termed genera. Each 
genera finally is made up of one, few, or many species, as the case may be. 
