MAN AND APES. 
127 
As to the head, long hair thereon is not a character found in 
the highest apes, hut rather in the Semnopitheci, and in forms 
approaching the Baboons. 
As to the face, a beard and copious whiskers are not un- 
known amongst apes. The male Orang has a beard, and 
certain Cercopitheci {e.g. the Diana Monkey) have long hair on 
the cheeks and chin. Nevertheless, it is not in the highest 
apes, nor even in the higlier family, that we find a luxuri- 
ance in this respect like what we may often find in man. We 
must go for such luxuriance to the New World apes — to the 
Sakis (see fig. 7), which are certainly not the highest forms 
even of their own family, and which indeed show a certain 
resemblance {e,g. in their teeth) to the Lemuroid sub-order. 
The opposed directions of the hair on the arm and forearm 
respectively (tlie apices converging to the elbow) is the same in 
most latisternal apes as in man. Nevertheless, in at least one 
such ape {H, agilis) the hair of the whole limb is directed 
uniformly towards the hand, as in most lower species. Yet we 
find it in some of the Gebidce directed as in man. 
Fig. 13. 
Foot of Man and of the Orang. 
Passing to the solid structures which the hair clothes, we 
come to one of the most characteristic peculiarities of the 
human body. 
The whole of the Apes and the whole of the Half-Apes agree 
together, and differ from man in having the great toe, or (as it 
is called in anatomy) the hallux, so constructed as to be able to 
oppose the other toes (much as our thumb can oppose the 
fingers), instead of being parallel with the other toes, and 
exclusively adapted for supporting the body on the ground. 
The prehensile character of the hallux is fully maintained even 
in those forms which, like the baboons, are terrestrial rather 
than arboreal in their habits, and are quite quadrupedal in 
their mode of progression. 
It was this circumstance that led Cuvier to give to that 
separate order in which he places man alone, the name 
