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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
Bimana, while on the order of Apes and Lemurs he imposed 
the term Quadrumana. 
The dispute as to whether the latter term is or is not appli- 
cable to the apes seems rather a dispute about words than 
about material objects. 
If we accept, with Professor Owen, as the definition of the 
word “ foot,” “ an extremity in which the hallux forms the 
fulcrum in standing or walking^^ then man alone has a pair 
of feet. But, anatomically, the foot of apes agrees far more 
with the foot of man than with his hand, and similarly the 
ape’s hand resembles man’s hand and differs from his foot. 
Even estimated physiologically, or according to use, the hand 
throughout the whole order remains the prehensile organ par 
excellence, while the predominant function of the foot, how- 
ever prehensile it be, is constantly locomotive. Therefore the 
term Quadrumana is apt to be misleading, since anatomically 
as well as physiologically both apes and man have two hands 
and a pair of feet.* 
The thumb, in anatomy the pollex, shows no similar unifor- 
mity of condition. In the most man-like apes it is relatively 
much smaller than in man, and the Lemurs are more man-like 
than the apes in the development of this member. 
As we have seen, the latisternal apes are, like man, devoid of 
a tail. A similar resemblance is, however, presented by much 
lower forms, as, e.g., by the ape of Gribraltar, and even in the 
Slender Lemur (Loris). 
As we descend from man, when we first encounter a tail at 
all, we find it at almost its maximum of development in the 
whole order, for such is its condition in the Semnopithecince. 
Short tails exist in the most varied forms from Macacus to Arcto- 
cebus ; but a prehensile tail is found nowhere in the order 
Primates, save amongst the genera of the American continent. 
The commoner monkeys of the Old World (the Cynopithe- 
cince) have the cheeks peculiarly distensible, serving as 
pockets. In so far as the higher apes resemble man in the 
absence of this condition, they share that resemblance with all 
the lower forms of the order, since no cheek-pouches exist in ' 
the Cehidce or in any of the Lemuroidea. I 
Passing now to internal anatomy, it will be well to dwell | 
with care on the characters presented by the skeleton. With- i 
out a patient consideration of many details, it will be impos- | 
sible to arrive at any sure result as to the question under con- i 
sideration, or as to that which is to follow. Hasty conclusions, | 
derived from a few characters only, will be certain to mislead 
us in any investigation of the teaching of nature with respect 
to the affinities of organised beings. 
* See Phil. Trans.” 1867, p. 362. 
