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Baboons. Moreover, in these Baboons the nasal bones only 
become convex towards maturity, being at first flat. This 
character therefore can hardly have been at one time a general 
one, now preserved only in a few scattered forms. 
The relative length of the arm and hand, when compared 
with that of the spine, is very different in all the latisternal 
apes from what exists in man. In this respect the Grorilla 
is less like man than is the Chimpanzee, though both are less 
unlike him than are the Orang and Gribbons. In the Gribbons 
the arm and hand attain about twice the relative length attained 
in us. 
The analogous proportions of the leg and foot show a near 
agreement between the Orang and man. While the Gribbons and 
Spider Monkeys have relatively longer legs than we have, 
the Grorilla and Chimpanzee have much shorter ones. If the 
foot be excluded from the calculation, then the Orang differs 
the most from man, while the Gibbons exhibit a remarkable 
conformity to him. 
In shape the blade-bone of the Gorilla is singularly like that 
of man, but that of its congener the Chimpanzee differs more 
from man than does that of the Orang. 
The collar-bone, in both the Chimpanzee and Gorilla, is much 
shorter when compared with the blade-bone than it is in man. 
In the Gibbons, however, it is still larger than in him ; while 
in the Orang its relative length is much as in man. 
Both the bone of the upper arm {humerus) and the bones of 
the fore-arm {radius and ulna) in the Chimpanzee, when 
compared in length with the spine, more resemble the same 
bones in man than do those of any other latisternal ape. In 
the length of the hand, so estimated, the Gorilla is the most 
human, and it is so in the relative length of the fore-arm bones 
to the humerus. 
Much has been said of late as to a certain perforation 
[supra condyloid foramen) which has been found in a certain 
number of ancient human skeletons. Some have supposed this 
circumstance to indicate a transition in human structure from 
that of the higher apes. In fact, however, it is not in the 
Gorilla, not in any of the latisternal apes, not even in any of 
the apes of the Old World, that we find such a perforation de- 
veloped. Such a condition is not met with till we descend to 
the lower Gehidce (from Gehus downwards), though with the ex- 
ception of Arctocebus it is constant in the Half-Apes. 
The little bones of the wrist are in man only eight in number, 
while in almost all the other Primates there are nine of such 
ossicles. In the Gorilla and Chimpanzee there are but eight, 
while the Orang and Gibbons have, like the other monkeys, 
nine. It is very remarkable that amongst the Lemuroidea 
