MAN AND APES. 
137 
The pit for the ligamentum teres * is almost constantly absent, 
while in man, Gibbons, and the Chimpanzee, it is constantly 
present. The Gorilla alone sometimes shares with the Orang 
the condition of having no such pit. 
The Orang has the shortest shin-bone, compared with the 
upper arm-bone, and the longest foot compared with the leg, in 
the whole order. It has the relatively shortest and most 
imperfect hallux of any Primate, while in no other Ape or 
Half- Ape does the length of the second toe so closely approach 
that of the forefinger of the same individual. 
Estimated by the skeleton only, the Orang cannot be said to 
approximate to man in any supreme degree, although, as may 
be remembered, several points have been mentioned in which 
it is more human than in any other latisternal ape. 
The Gorilla and Chimpanzee have been seen to show many 
approximations to man as regards the skeleton. In some 
respects one species has been found to be the more man-like ; 
in other points the other species has been so found. 
We have found that the Gibbons, one or other of them, 
exhibit various skeletal characters more human than those 
presented by any other members of the order. Finally, we 
have seen that even some of the Half- Apes present most re- 
markable resemblances to man. The teaching, then, of the 
skeleton, as also of the other parts we have as yet reviewed, 
seems to be that resemblance to man is shared in different 
and not very unequal degrees by divers species of the order, 
rather than that any one kind is plainly and unquestionably 
much more human than any of the others. 
Affinities seem rather to radiate from man in various direc- 
tions than to follow one special route. At present, however, 
the facts presented are not sufficient to warrant the expression 
of a confident judgment. In order to arrive at such a judg- 
ment it will be necessary to survey the other organs of the 
body; and then, summarizing the results, we shall have material 
sufficient to examine the third question proposed, namely, the 
bearing of the facts upon the theory of evolution as applied to 
man. 
{To he continued,') 
* This is a ligament which holds the thigh-bone in its place, passing as it 
does, like a round cord, from the head of the thigh-bone to the inside of the 
socket of the haunch-bone, into which the thigh-bone fits. 
