244 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
of the arm and leg respectively. In this respect we find an 
inverse difference to that precedingly noticed. 
Again, the long muscle called flexor longus hallucis does 
not take origin, as in the other higher Apes, from the leg, but 
from the bone of the thigh. 
But neither the skeleton, nor yet the flesh which clothes it, 
can be considered as the most important system of organs, nor 
that best calculated to manifest degrees of affinity or su- 
premacy. It is not the pillars, shields, and levers of the body 
(bones), nor the cords and fastenings which brace together 
(ligaments), or by tension act upon (muscles) those pillars and 
levers Avhich can rationally be regarded as supreme. Such 
supremacy must rather be conceded to the regulating and 
co-ordinating apparatus, by means of which the tensions are so 
varied and directed as to produce harmonious and consentient 
results. But this supremacy is still further manifest when we 
consider that the very integrity of these structures is main- 
tained, and their repair effected, by the agency of that very 
same co-ordinating apparatus which is the controller of animal 
life, the lord of all within its own boundaries, and which says 
to every other system of parts, “ Starve thou before me.” 
This supreme and dominant apparatus is the nervous system. 
The Ape which has this system — and especially the dominant 
part of this dominant system, namely, the brain — most in con- 
formity with the same system in man, must surely be held to 
be the most materially man-like in structure. 
Now it is not the Chimpanzee, certainly not the Grorilla, nor 
yet the Gribbons which most resemble man as regards his 
brain. In this respect the Orang stands highest in rank. 
In the first place, the height of the Orang’s cerebrum in front 
is greater in proportion than in either the Chimpanzee or the 
Gorilla ; while the brain of the last-named animal falls below 
that of the Chimpanzee, in that it is relatively longer and more 
depressed, as compared with man’s brain. 
Each half of the cerebrum is divisible into four parts or ' 
lobes. Tlie first of these (marked 1, 2, and 3) is the i 
“ frontal.” The second (marked 4, 5, and 6) is the “ parietal. ” 
The third (marked 10, 11, and 12) is the “occipital ;” and the 
fourth (marked 7, 8, and 9) is the “temporal.” 
On comparing the brain of man with the brains of the , 
Orang, Chimpanzee, and Baboon, we find a successive decrease , 
in the frontal lobe, and a successive and very great increase in ! 
the relative size of the occipital lobe. Concomitantly with ^ 
this increase and decrease, certain folds of brain substance, | 
called “ bridging convolutions ” (marked a and /3), which in | 
man are conspicuously interposed between the parietal and i 
occipital lobes, seem as utterly to disappear in the Chim- | 
