246 
POEULAR SCIENCE REYIEW. 
panzee as they do in the Baboon. In the Orang, however, 
though much reduced, they are still to be distinguished. 
Besides these matters, the temporal lobe becomes less horizontal 
and more depressed, as we proceed from Man to the Baboon. 
Fig. 4. 
Brain of Mandrill Baboon {Cynocephalus), left side. 
These distinctions, with some others, have been pointed out 
in France by the late lamented M. Gratiolet,* * * § and in England 
by Professor Eolleston.f Mr. Marshall, F.E.S., has also given 
his verdict i “ on the interesting question of the relative 
superiority of the Chimpanzee’s and Orang’s brain ” in favour 
of the latter.” 
Messrs. Schroeder, Van der Kolk and W. Vrolik, the dis- 
tinguished naturalists of Amsterdam, fully recognise the resem- 
blance of the brain of the Orang to that of man to be closer 
than that presented by the brain of any other Ape. 
The actual and absolute mass of the brain is, however, slightly 
greater in the Chimpanzee than in the Orang, as is the relative 
vertical extent of the middle part of the cerebrum, although, 
as before said, the frontal portion is higher in the Orang. 
When we turn to the Gorilla we find, from M. Gratiolet,§ 
that this much vaunted and belauded Ape is not only inferior 
to the Orang in cerebral development, but even to his smaller 
African congener — the Chimpanzee. 
In the first place its brain scarcely equals (at least in some 
cases) that of the Chimpanzee in actual mass. It is also flatter, 
and its frontal lobe is less projecting in front of its temporal 
* ‘‘Memoire sur les plis cerebraux de I’bomme et des primates.” 
t ‘‘Nat. Hist, Eeview/’ vol. i. p. 201, and in a Lecture at the Eoyal 
Institution, reported in the “Medical Times,” for February and March, 
1862. 
X “ Nat. Hist. Eeview,” vol. i. p. 310. 
§ See “Comptes rendus,” April 30th, 1860, p. 801. 
