MAN AND APES. 
247 
lobe. Altogether, M. Gratiolet tells us, its brain-characters 
make of the Groriila — in spite of its size and strength — the 
lowest and most degraded of all the latisternal apes. More- 
over, the disposition of its convolutions is such as (in the 
opinion of M. Grratiolet) to connect it with the Baboons, while 
the Chimpanzee is similarly connected with the Macaques. 
Our author suggests that if the Orang be considered as the 
head and culminating point of development, following the line 
of the Semnopitheci and Gribbons, then the Chimpanzee may 
be taken to be the head, or, as it were, the Orang, of the series 
of Macaques, while the Grorilla is but the culmination of that 
type of cerebral structure elsewhere exhibited by the relatively 
brutal and degraded Baboons. 
This is an appreciation of the animal widely different from 
that still popular in England, in spite of Professor Eolleston’s 
efforts to propagate the true Simian faith respecting this 
“ would-be king of the Simiadce.^^ 
The Professor expresses himself * as follows : 
“ In the world of science, as in that of politics, France and 
England have occasionally differed as to their choice between 
rival candidates for royalty. ... If either hereditary claims 
or personal merits affect at all the right of succession, beyond 
a question the Grorilla is but a pretender, and one or other of 
the two candidates the true prince. There is a graceful as 
well as an ungraceful way of withdrawing from a false position, 
and the British public will adopt the graceful course by ac- 
cepting forthwith and henceforth the French candidate, and 
by endorsing M. Gratiolet’s proposal for speaking of the Gorilla 
as but a Baboon, of the Chimpanzee as a Macaque, and of the 
Orang as a Gibbon.” 
There can be no question, then, but that in this most im- 
portant organ, the Orang is man’s nearest ally, while the Gorilla 
is quite remarkably inferior. 
This closeness of resemblance between the brains of the 
Orang and of man becomes yet more striking when we con- 
sider how great in this respect is the divergence between the 
Orang and those lowest of Apes — the Marmosets — in which the 
cerebrum 'is smooth and entirely devoid of furrows and con- 
volutions. In the lower sub-order — the Lemuroids — the di- 
vergence is much greater still, so much so, indeed, that the 
Half-Apes, as to their brains, have far nearer resemblances to 
animals altogether below the order Primates, than to the 
higher members of that order. 
It must nevertheless be borne in mind, if we would estimate 
the value of these cerebral characters with perfect fairness, 
* Medical Times,” for February 1862, vol. i. No. 608, p. 184. 
