MAN AND APES. 
253 
In man and in all Primates, the large intestine gives off a 
considerable blind off-sboot (the ccecum) which has attached 
to it a singular little worm-like process, called the vermiform 
a'ppendix. This is not found in any apes other than the 
Simiinse, and its development is most like man in the Gribbons. 
It may be well now to recapitulate and group together the 
characters in and by which different Apes and Half- Apes resemble 
and differ from man. 
Besides the highest Apes, certain of the lower and lowest forms 
have been seen to merit our attention. 
The Grorilla resembles man more than does any other lati- 
sternal Ape, in the following points : — ( 1 ) The great bulk of its 
whole body ; (2) the possession of a lobule to the ear ; (3) the 
prominence of the upper part of the bones of the nose ; (4) the 
development of a vaginal ridge beneath the skull on each side ; 
(5) the shape of the blade-bone ; (6) the relative length of the 
hand to the spine ; ( 7 ) that of the fore-arm to the upper arm ; 
(8) that of the thumb to the back-bone ; (9) that of the thumb 
to the whole hand ; (10) that of the ankle-bones to the whole 
foot ; (11) that of the great toe to the spine ; (12) the length 
of the neck of the thigh-bone. 
The Gorilla differs more from man than do any other of the 
broad-breastboned Apes, in that : — (1) The bony muscular ridges 
on the skull are enormously developed ; (2) the cerebrum is of 
relatively small vertical extent ; (3) the brainfolds (cerebral 
convolutions) are formed on the type of brain found existing in 
Baboons ; (4) the liver is Baboon-like in its subdivided con- 
dition ; (5) the large papillae of the tongue are scattered and 
not collected into a V-shaped aggregation. 
It should also be recollected that there are characters by 
which the Gorilla differs more from man than does some one or 
other of the latisternal forms, whether it be the Chimpanzee, 
the Orang, or the long-armed Apes. Such are the non-develop- 
ment of a chin, the number of ribs, &c., &c. 
The Chimpanzee is the most man-like of the Simiinse in the 
following points: — (1) The shortness of the arms, compared 
with the length of the spine ; (2) their shortness (the hands 
being included) compared with the legs and feet ; (3) the 
length of the humerus compared with That of the spine ; (4) 
the length of the radius compared with that of the spine ; (5) 
the length of the longest toe compared with that of the spine ; 
(6) the near approximation, in length, of the great toe to the 
absolutely longest toe ; (7) the height of the frontal lobe of the 
cerebrum. On the other hand, the Chimpanzee differs from 
man more than do any other of the latisternal Apes in that 
the leg and foot (taken together) are so short compared with 
the length of the spine. Besides this, as we have seen in 
