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a statute that he should be founde of the common treasury. He 
that killed a wolf should have an oxe for his paines. This beast, 
indeed, the Scottish men even from the beginning used to pursue 
in al they might devise, because the same is suche an enemie 
to cattayle, wherein consisted the chiefest portion of all their 
wealth and substance.” * 
Of a later king, Ederus, we are told that his 44 chiefe delighte 
was altogyther in hunting and keeping of houndes and grey- 
houndes, to chase and pursue wild beastes, and namely the woolfe 
the herdsman’s foe, by means whereof his advancement was 
muche the more acceptable amongst the nobles, who in those 
dayes were whollyegyven to that kynde of pleasure andpastyme.”f 
Ferquhard II., who died a.d. 668, is said to have proved so 
bad a king that Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, declared the 
vengeance of Grod would overtake him. 44 And sure his wordes 
proved true : for within a moneth after, as the same Ferquhard 
followed in chase of a wolfe, the beast being enraged by pursuite 
of the houndes, flew back uppon the king, and snatching at him, 
did wounde and byte him righte sore in one of his sides, immedi- 
ately whereupon, whether through anguishe of his hurt, or by some 
other occasion, he fell into a most filthie disease” (phthiriasis).J 
The sport enjoyed in Scotland in former days must have 
been incomparable. Bellenden, the translator of Hector Boece, 
says, that in the forests of Caledonia there were 44 gret plente 
of haris, hartis, hindis, dayis, rais, wolffis , wild hors, and toadis,” 
(foxes), and he particularly mentions 44 the wolffis ” as being 
64 rycht noysum to the tame bestiall in all partis of Scotland.” 
In the reign of Malcolm IV. (1153-1165) Robert de Avenel 
granted to the monks of Melrose the right of pasturage in his 
lands in Eskdale, reserving to himself the privileges of the 
feudal baron, to pursue the wild boar, the deer, and the stag. 
One of his successors questioned several of the claims to which 
the grantees considered themselves entitled, and it was ulti- 
mately decided in 1235, in presence of King Alexander II., that 
they had no right to hunt over the lands in question, and were 
restricted from setting traps, excepting for ivolves.§ It seems 
that, in order to protect their flocks, the monks of Melrose were 
in the habit of setting traps for wolves as early as the reign of 
William the Lion (1165-1214). || Wolfclyde, a part of the 
barony of Culter, in Lanarkshire, passed by grant to the Abbey 
of Melrose in 1431.H 
* Holinshed’s Chronicles of Scotland, 1577, p. 13. 
t Holinshed, tom. cit. p. 27. t Holinshed, p. 148. 
§ Morton’s Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, pp. 273, 274. 
|| Chalmers’ Caledonia, ii. p. 132. Chart. Mel. 91.* 
5[ Morton, op. cit. p. 276. 
