REVIEWS. 
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and his fellow labourers, Mr. Falconer and Mr. Prestwich — assisted by grants 
from that wonderfully generous lady Baroness Burdett Coutts and the 
Royal Society, and carried on as they were for a considerable number of years 
— have only lately been brought to a conclusion. Further, the author has 
also given a description of a skeleton found by M. Riviere in a cave at 
Mentone, which, from the unpolished implements and extinct animals asso- 
ciated with it, he is inclined to consider as of the Palaeolithic age. He tells 
us in his preface that since the work has been printed a second skeleton has 
been brought to light by M. Riviere, in a neighbouring cavern, under similar 
conditions. He has written to Sir Charles Lyell, telling him that he found 
with this second human fossil, a flint lance and hatchet both unpolished. 
Around the arms, wrists, and knees of this were bracelets of Mediterranean 
shells, and the skeleton and surrounding earth were stained red by oxide of 
iron, as was the case with the skeleton of 1872. Sir Charles Lyell is 
informed that extinct animals were also found at a higher level, but he 
thinks that evidence as to the position of these will have to be carefully 
examined before their “ geological bearing on the age of human skeletons 
can be finally settled.” 
The author has found it necessary to entirely recast that portion of his 
book which dealt with the period immediately preceding that in which we 
have positive traces of man ; and he has added a vast deal of quite novel 
matter. In regard to ice-action he is still somewhat undecided, and in the 
present volume he discusses both sides of this question, and adds a number 
of new facts of considerable interest from the researches of MM. Norden- 
skiold and Brown. He has dwelt, too, on the remote dates of civilisation af- 
forded us by the monuments of Egypt and oriental countries. Indeed on this 
important question he gives us a mass of information which is completely 
novel. Finally, among the novelties of the present edition may be cited the 
important facts taken from Huxley’s paper* “ On the Relationship of Reptiles 
and Birds,” and some points as to the origin of races from Darwin’s “ Descent 
of Man,” and Galton’s “ Hereditary Genius.” These constitute most, but by 
no means all, of the novelties of this noble volume, and now we shall take a 
glance at one or two of them which alone our space allows. 
"We have abundance of cavern evidence — from Kent’s Cavern in England 
to the splendid caves of Les Eyzies, Dordogne j of the latter of which the 
accompanying plate representing the several caves has been kindly lent us 
by the publisher, it being, we believe, originally produced in Messrs. Lartet 
and Christy’s well-known work, 11 Reliquiae Aquitanicse.” 
The author shows that in one of the neighbouring caverns a carved tablet 
of ivory was found, which unquestionably represents the mammoth. The 
sketch which he gives of this leaves no doubt on the reader’s mind as to its 
being the mammoth, for even the bulky hair which this animal is known to 
have possessed — from examination of ice-preserved Siberian specimens — is 
clearly represented on the specimen. Thus is conclusive evidence afforded of 
the fact that primeval man was co-existent with the mammoth family — a 
fact which was heretofore in considerable doubt. 
* This paper appeared, with two pages of illustration, in the Popular 
Science Review some years since. It was originally delivered as a lecture, 
but ours was the only illustrated form of it. The illustrations were done 
under Professor Huxley’s superintendence. 
