EEVIEWS. 
197 
French artist and lithographer, Mr. Louveau, but by Taylor and Francis. 
And assuredly if we wanted an example of the two methods, the English 
and the French, we could not be better satisfied. The French has all that 
elegance of design and rigid truthfulness of character which in so remark- 
able a degree characterises their work, and which has been so excellent a 
feature in the earlier series of this work. On the other hand, the English 
work displays carelessness and a want of finish which make it contrast 
sadly with the foreign plates. We are glad to see that the editor has not 
continued this unfortunate feature, for in Part XIV. we have again the ex- 
quisite French lithography. Part XIII. is not very remarkable in its figures, 
but Part XIV. contains an exquisite plate representing that well-known picture 
of a mammoth’s tusk on which is carved a sketch of the mammoth. Mr. 
W oodward, F.R.S., suggests that there can be little doubt that the sketch, 
such as it is, was the result of a life study of the animal. This is a fact of 
great import, for it would show that the animal was really alive in France 
when the caves of Perigord were inhabited by man. The other matter in 
the two numbers of the work is of great interest. We hope soon to see it 
completed. 
WALKING, SWIMMING, AND FLYING OF ANIMALS.* 
A VERY interesting work is that which Dr. Pettigrew has given us, and 
it is — save to those few who form members of the Society which 
terms itself Aeronautical — on an entirely novel subject. Of course, on this 
account there may be many points on which the author will be said to have 
pushed his views to too dogmatic an extent. However this may be, the 
book is undoubtedly one which possesses an interest far beyond the com- 
mon. It is but a popular account at best; those who desire to go into 
the subject fully are referred to the author’s well-known memoirs on the 
subject (two of which he has been good enough to send us, and which will 
be found in the Transactions of the Linnsen Society and in those of the Royal 
Society of Edinburgh). But those who care to go through the pages of the 
volume before us will find in it much to entertain and to instruct them. 
In the first part of the work will be found an account of the different modes 
of walking, running, swimming, and flying adopted by mammals, birds, and 
insects ; amply illustrated. And in the second — to our mind as interesting a 
subject, though one dealt with at some length by the Aeronautical Society 
— will be found, firstly, a clearly-tabulated statement of the scientific con- 
ditions on which flight is to be attempted, and then an able resume of what 
has been done in this country and on the Continent to favour the progress of 
the different modes of flight. All through the book is full of interesting- 
matter, and we offer our best thanks to Dr. Pettigrew for thus addressing 
the general public on a point in which it is not less interested than the 
more specially scientific man. 
* 61 Animal Locomotion ; or, Walking, Swimming, and Flying ; with a 
Dissertation on Aeronautics.” By J. Bell Pettigrew, M.D., F.R.S., Patholo- 
gist to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Illustrated by 130 engravings 
on wood. Henry S. King & Co., 1873. 
