276 POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
towards their summits, amidst extensive wastes of detritus, 
granitic and quartzose boulders, where not a single fungus is 
seen, and where algae are unknown (for the aquatics in the 
nearest springs and rills are, on Schwendener’s own showing, 
excluded), the Lichenacece are sufficiently plentiful and varied. 
Other arguments, of greater or less force, have been made by 
Krempelhuber in the work we have quoted, but our limits will 
not permit us to enter upon these. We shall therefore con- 
tent ourselves by simply stating in conclusion the three general, 
and as we take it unanswerable objections, made to the hypo- 
thesis by Professor Caspary in the paper above noticed. There 
he urges : — 1st. That if the theory were true, the fungus- 
parasite would in size and niunber of cells exceed many 
hundred times the nourishing plant, though nothing such else- 
where occurs in nature. 2nd. The theory is impossible, for the 
“ algae ” in which the fungus is parasitic would display the 
greatest health and vigour, and at the same time would be 
multiplied, which is absurd. 3rd. That the theory is impossible 
because the nourishing “ alga,” being entirely enclosed in the 
fungus, evidently can supply to it no nourishment. 
Those of our readers who wish to know further details of 
the hypothesis and the objections than we have been able to 
give in the space now at our disposal, will find such in the 
various memoirs, papers and works which we have quoted, as 
also to a certain extent in Mr. Archer’s excellent resume of 
the subject, 66 Quart. 4 Journ. Micr. Sc.” vol. xiii. p. 217, and 
vol. xiv. p. 115. A translation by the same gentleman of 
Schwendener’s most recent contribution to the hypothesis, in 
which he replies to various objections that have been urged 
against it, entitled “ On the Nature of the Gronidia of Lichens,” 
will also be found in the same journal, vol. xiii. p. 235. In this, 
as was only to be expected, Schwendener still endeavours to 
maintain his theory in all its integrity, and farther illustrates, 
by other similar observations, this sensational “ Romance of 
Lichenology,” or the unnatural union between a captive Algal 
damsel and a tyrant Fungal master. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE CXII. 
Fig. 1. a and b. Sections of the thallus of Pertusaria Westringii, magnified 
forty diameters, whence it is evident that the gonidia are pro- 
duced from the internal cellules of the isidiose globule, and are 
not derived from any other quarter. 
