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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
either of animals which inhabited it and died in it, or of such as were 
dragged in as prey by these residents. The whole fauna of the cave is 
essentially a forest fauna, proving that in later diluvial times its neighbour- 
hood was forest-clad ; whilst the investigation of the Thuringian caves and 
other deposits of the same period in North Germany_show equally clearly 
that the whole of that country was then a naked steppe quite destitute of 
forests. Hence it would appear that the mountainous and hilly country of 
southern Bohemia and Moravia was the starting point from which the 
primeval forest spread over the great diluvial steppe of Central Europe 
north of the Alps. — ( K . Akad. Wiss. Wien, 23rd May, 1879.) 
An Anthropoid Ape in the Shvaliks. — Mr. Lydekker announces the dis- 
covery by Mi*. Theobald of the upper jaw and palate of a large anthropoid 
ape in the Siwaliks of the Punjab. It belonged to a female animal, judging 
from the small size of the canines, and indicates a creature intermediate in 
size between the orang and the gorilla. The molars are of the ordinary 
anthropoid type ; but the premolars are much narrower than in any known 
anthropoid ape, and indeed relatively narrower than even in man ; and the 
small size of the last molar and of the incisor are also points giving the jaw 
a human character. The chimpanzee, of living apes, comes nearest to this 
fossil. The specimen is of great interest as being the first trace of the large 
anthropoid apes found in India, and from its resemblance to the chimpanzee 
and gorilla, the great apes of Western Africa. — Proa. Asiat, Soc. Bengal , 
December 1878. 
The Glaciation of the Shetland Isles. — On March 26 Messrs. Peach and 
Horne commimicated to the Geological Society an elaborate paper on the 
Shetland Isles, in which they described the different islands, reviewing in 
succession the physical features, geological structure, the direction of gla- 
ciation, and the various superficial deposits. From an examination of the 
numerous striated surfaces, as well as from the distribution of Boulder-clay 
and the dispersal of stones in that deposit, they inferred that during the 
period of extreme cold Shetland must have been glaciated by the Scandi- 
navian Mer de Glace, crossing the islands from the North Sea towards the 
Atlantic. In the island of Uist, blocks of serpentine and gabbro are found 
in the boulder-clay on the western shores derived from the rock-masses 
occurring on the east side of the watershed. Moreover, on the mainland 
between Scalloway and Fitful Head, blocks derived from the Old-Red-Sand- 
stone formation on the eastern sea-board are abundant in the Boulder-clay 
on the west side of the watershed. The relative distribution of these stones 
in the sections on the west coast is in direct proportion to the relative areas 
occupied by the rocks on the east side of the watershed. It was likewise 
pointed out that after the period of general glaciation Shetland nourished a 
series of local glaciers which radiated from the high grounds, the direction of 
the striae being at variance with the older system, while the morainic deposits 
also differ in character from the Boulder-clay produced by the great Mer de 
Glace. 
The authors described the order of succession in the Old-Red-Sandstone 
formation in Shetland, and referred to the discovery of an abundant series of 
plant-remains in rocks which have hitherto been regarded as forming part of 
the series of ancient crystalline rocks. The plant-remains are identical with 
