REVIEWS. 
63 
and their colonies, and there are very few anatomical details. As regards 
the geographical distribution of the group, Prof. Kolliker concludes that, so 
far as our present knowledge goes, the deeper portions of the oceans contain 
few or no Pennatulida at a certain distance from the shore. Some interesting 
facts have been ascertained about the geographical distribution of the families 
of Pennatulida, the most remarkable being the wide distribution of those 
curious forms the Umbelluhdae, long known as represented only by a single 
species from the Greenland coast. JJmbellulce have now been obtained from 
the temperate and equatorial Atlantic, from the ocean west of Kerguelen’s 
Land, from the South Polar Sea, and from the coasts of New Guinea and 
Japan. As regards their distribution in depth, it appears that the higher 
forms (Pteroeididse, Pennatulidse, Virgularidse, and Ilenillidee), live in com- 
paratively shallow water, only six species descending below 100 fathoms ; 
while the less complex types forming the other families are, for the most 
part, inhabitants of deep water. These simple types are probably the oldest ; 
and their most characteristic forms (Umbelluhdae and Protoptilidae) have 
been shown by the investigations of the Challenger' s naturalists to have a wide 
distribution. 
By that curious fatality in natural-history writings which so frequently 
makes the smallest things occupy the most space, Mr. G. S. Brady’s report on 
the Ostracoda is by far the largest in the present volume, and we have no 
doubt that Count Custracane’s account of the Diatomaceae, Mr. H. B. Brady’s 
report on the Foraminifera, and Prof. Hackel’s on the Badiolaria, will worthily 
keep up the custom. With regard to the last-mentioned group, indeed, we 
have heard a report that Prof. Hackel counts his species by the thousand* 
Mr. Brady, having to do with objects visible to the naked eye, is more 
moderate ; the species here described and figured by him are only 221 in 
number, but of these 142 are new, and three of them types of new genera. 
As regards the bathymetrical distribution of these little Crustaceans, we must 
confess to sharing the disappointment of Mr. Brady at finding that they are 
exceedingly rare in abyssal depths ; for when we saw the bulk of the report on 
Ostracoda we were in hopes that we should find described in it a host of 
species from great depths, such as might have acted an important part in the 
conversion of dead into living animal matter. But it seems that with the 
exception of a very few forms all the specimens submitted to Mr. Brady were 
obtained by dredging in comparatively shallow water or by the tow-net. 
From 29 dredgings below 500 fathoms only 52 species were obtained, and 
the number of individuals of these was but small ; whilst below 1500 
fathoms 13 dredgings furnished only 19 species. Mr. Brady describes the 
species of the group placed under his charge in systematic order, but for the 
purpose of indicating their geographical distribution he divides the stations 
at which dredging operations were carried on, and from which Ostracoda 
were obtained, into seven regions, and finally tabulates all the species collected 
during the voyage, and indicates their distribution in the different areas. 
A further aid to the student in this direction is to be found in the list of 
localities with the species found in each, which follows immediately upon 
this table. Some few species are very widely distributed : thus two species 
of Halocypris occur in all Mr. Brady’s seven areas, whilst two species of 
Cythere are found respectively in five and six of them; the latter are deep- 
