98 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
time proposed the institution of an intermediate kingdom or 
neutral territory for the reception of all those doubtful organic 
forms which with more or less justice have been shifted 
from one side to the other of the barrier-line in accordance with 
the strength of the evidence adduced. Thus, Mons. Bory de St. 
Vincent originally instituted for the inclusion of such debatable 
types his Le JRegne Psyehodiaire ; and thus Prof. Ernst 
Hackel, scantily acknowledging, perhaps, Bory’s lead, has quite 
recently substituted in its place, his so-called kingdom of the 
‘Protista/ w’hich, in accordance with its founder’s views, in- 
cludes the following divisions : — 
Kingdom Protista , Hacked. 
Generic type. 
Class 1. 
Monera . 
. . . Protomyxa. 
2. 
Lobosa . 
. . . Amoeba. 
3. 
Flagellata 
. . . jE 'uglena. 
4. 
Catallacta 
. . . Magosphcera. 
5. 
Labyrinthulae 
. . . Labyrinthula. 
6. 
Diatomeae 
. . . Navicula. 
7. 
Myxomycetes 
. . . JEthalium. 
8. 
Khizopoda 
. . . Gromia. 
As already pointed out by the writer in A Manual of the 
Infusoria, Vol. i. p. 44 et seq., October, 1880, the recognition 
of such a proposed neutral territory or kingdom by no 
means lessens, but simply enhances, the pre-existing difficulty. 
For in place of the simple boundary-line that had formerly to 
be defined between animals and plants it necessitates the 
definition of two such lines — the one between the Protista and 
the lower animals, and the other between that group and the 
lower plants. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the writer in 
this treatise, there is scarcely one out of the eight class divisions 
included in this newly proposed kingdom that cannot be 
relegated w T ith absolute certainty to one or the other of the 
two older primary divisions. Several of these groups, 
again, are most artificially constructed. The class Monera 
is well-nigh obsolete. Formerly proposed by IJackel for the 
reception chiefly of the Foraminifera and certain Protozoa, in- 
cluding Bathybius (?), in which the presence of a nucleus or 
endoplast had not been detected, a few obscure amcebiform 
organisms alone remain to sustain its titular reputation. 
The Lobosa, as a class separate from the ordinary Bhizopoda, 
cannot be consistently recognized ; while the so-called Catallacta, 
including the single genus Magosphcera, may be appropriately 
likened to a colonial form of such a multiflagellate Infusorium as 
Ijophomonas. Taken as a whole, six out of the eight classes enu- 
merated in the foregoing list conform in all essential points with 
