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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
missionaries (Merensky, &c.) have sought the Ophir and the 
Saba of the Old Testament. Maude has there discovered the 
grand ruins of Zimbaye. 
The traces of human industry which I have found myself 
in the Transvaal belong to a rather recent date. Such are 
several old copper-mines (with quartzose gangues) in the 
Makhali mountains, a range of quartz porphyry, which, at 
about six English miles to the north of Pretoria, runs from the 
east to the west. Such are further old lead-mines, which I 
have found in the Waterberg district, about eighteen English 
miles to the north-east of the Nylstroom. Galena, rich in 
silver, is there disseminated in a vein of quartzite, which has 
been worked very methodically by open workings. Neither 
the Bechuanas nor the white population of the district knew 
by whom, or at what period, these works had been executed. I 
presume that they are to be ascribed to the Portuguese, who 
had very early taken footing in South Africa, and who followed 
trade. 
The general conclusion from these researches is, that the 
Hottentots did not occupy the central part of the Cape. As 
the fertile plains of the Transvaal and of the Yrystaat were 
formerly uninhabited, they would have been able to live 
there quietly, just as well as elsewhere, if they had arrived in 
the south by this way. 
I have reason to suppose that the south and the east of the 
Cape countries ought to be considered as their original abode. 
Thus we find, in the fifteenth century, in the southern part of 
the Cape, a yellow race, amounting to from 200,000 to 300,000 
souls, bounded on the north by black tribes (Damara and 
Ovampo), and by desert places (Karrou, &c.), and in the 
east also by black tribes (Cafixes). 
[The author then makes a detailed comparison of the 
characters and measurements of Chinese and Hottentot skulls, 
the general results of which he sums up as follows : — ] 
If it is allowable to draw general conclusions from the 
measurement of so small a number of crania, we find : — 
1. That the crania of the Hottentots are not only dolicho- 
cephalic, but in nearly half the cases (seven out of fifteen) 
orthocephalic. In general they are more dolichocephalic than 
the Chinese crania, the length being in them relatively greater, 
and the width less. 
2. That the absolute height of the Hottentot crania is less 
than that of the Chinese crania. As the length of the first is 
relatively greater than that of the second, the index H. L. is 
smaller in the Hottentots. 
3. That the Hottentots are in general less prognathous 
than the Chinese. 
