CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE HOTTENTOTS. 155 
4. That the height of the face in the Hottentots is less than 
among the Chinese, the absolute height, as well as the relative 
(the index H. L.) 
The points of resemblance between the Hottentots and the 
Chinese consist in — 
1. The width of the bridge of the nose (space between the 
orbits). 
2. The shape and inclination of the orbits. 
3. The prominence of the zygomatic bones and arches. 
4. The width of the face (taken at different heights). 
5. The development of the parietal bosses. 
6. The relation between the arcs and their chords. 
This last character applies above all to the arcs and chords 
situated in the sagittal plane ; in a less degree to the transverse 
arcs and chords. 
If we consult the works of Bhimenbach,* ** of Yan der 
Hoeven,f of Lucae,+ of Yon Baer,§ of Betzius,|| of Dusseau, 
of de Koning,H and others, we find indicated as fairly constant 
characters of the Chinese crania, — 
1. A wide bridge to the nose, and a broad flat nose. 
2. The facial surface of the upper jaw, but little hollowed, 
and often even convex (Dusseau). 
3. The zygomatic bones and arches very prominent. 
4. The parietal bosses well marked, and often very much 
developed. 
5. A curvature with the convexity anterior of the alveolar 
part of the upper jaw ; a curvature answered to by a similar one 
in the incisor teeth and their roots. 
In all these respects the Hottentots resemble the Chinese, as 
also in the less constant character drawn from the height to 
which ’the bones of the nose ascend. 
In both the vault of the cranium very often projects in 
the median line. In both we find, in most cases, elongated 
quadrilateral orbits, which incline outwards. 
The projecting form and outward inclination of the 
angles of the lower jaw are frequently met with both in the 
Hottentots and in the Chinese. I must, however, admit that 
in the Chinese the nose is not so flat as it generally appears to 
he in the Hottentots. Immediately above the pyriform open- 
ing the nasal bones are more projecting in the former than in 
the latter. This difference was perceptible even in the Chinese 
and Hottentots whom I have seen alive. It follows from this 
* Decas collectionis , Gottingen, 1790. 
t Tijdschrift v. not. Geschied, iii. p. 143. t ^ ur 0r 9- Formenlehre , 1844. 
§ Mem. de VAcad. de St. Petersbourg, x. p. 241. 
|| Ethnolog. Schriften , 1864. Catalogue du Mus4e Vrolik. 
** Dissertatie , Leyden, 1877. 
