8. VIOLACE^!. 
43 
i. 409; Buch ! 196. no. 344; DC. i. 265; Presl 117; Koch 
85. Stephanocarpus monspeliensis (Spach) WB. i. 124. — Shr. 
per. Mad. reg. 2 ; rrr. In waste spots in a red clay-tufa soil by 
a roadside (Caminho de Joad Bouto) from i to i a mile above 
or beyond the church of S. Antonio near Funchal. Here it 
was gathered by Masson long ago according to specimens in 
the BH. marked u Madera prope Templum S u Antonii, Fr. 
Masson ;” and to this spot it seems confined. March, April. — A 
low bushy shrub 2 or 3 ft. high with a profusion of snow-white 
fl., the size of those of Ranunculus acris or bulbosus L ., con- 
trasting with its dark green foliage which is scented like Peru- 
vian Bark (Cinchona). L. 1 or 2 in. long with revolute mar- 
gins, nearly sessile, at first hairy on both sides, ultimately 
smooth and shining on the upper. FI. 5-10 slightly fragrant, 
in copious short racemes which are 1 or 2 in. long glutinous 
and densely villous ; the 2 outer sep. more leafy narrow and 
acuminate than the 3 inner ; pet. pure white, their claw yellow. 
Caps, small brittle smooth 5-valved bursting at the top, imper- 
fectly 5-celled many-seeded. 
Order VIII. VIOLACE^E. 
The Violet Family. 
FI. mostly irregular. Sep. 5 usually persistent. Cor. un- 
equal or irregular. Pet. 5 marcescent rarely deciduous. Stam. 
5, anthers introrse connivent or cohering round the ovary, ses- 
sile in the middle of the short dilated fil. which is produced 
above the anthers into a dry membranous point or crest. 
Ovary 1-celled with 3 parietal placentas. Style persistent 
thickened upwards with an oblique hooded stigma. Caps. 
1-locular 3-valved loculicidal. Seeds often carunculate or sub- 
arillate. Embryo straight erect in the axis of the fleshy albu- 
men. — Leaves with persistent stipules. 
1. Viola. Sep. unequal produced downwards at the base. 
Pet. unequal, the hinder or lower one produced behind into 
a hollow spur. Stam. approximate into a cone or cylinder, 
but free ; the two lower spurred at the base. 
1. Viola L. 
Sect. 1. Nomimium Ging. in DC. ; the 4 upper pet. spread- 
ing irregularly sideways ; the 2 side pet. generally bearded in- 
side downwards : the 2 upper naked. Style slightly flexuose 
thickened or dilated upwards, constricted at the base. — Rhizome 
oblique or creeping ; the later fl. apetalous. 
