EXPLANATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS. 
V 
Regions or Zones of Vegetation in Porto Santo. 
1. Maritima or Littoral. — From the sea to a height of 100 feet ; 
cultivated. The characteristic plants are — 
Cult, and naturalized. — Vine, Fig, Mulberry, Tamarisk, Elreag- 
nus angustifolia L., Lgcium europceum L., Arundo Donax L., 
Mesem brianthem u m edule L ., &c. 
Indig. — Convolndus Soldanella L., Scdsola Kali L., Cakile mari- 
tima Scop., Pedrosia Porto-sanctana Lowe, Atriplex parvifolia 
Lowe, Succda fruticosa L., Clienolea tomentosa Lowe, Glaucium 
corniculatum L. , Polygonum maritimum L. , Euphorbia piscatoria 
Ait., E. Peplis L., E. Paralias L., Spergularia rubra L., &c. 
2. Collina or Ilill-side zone. — From 100 to 1200 feet; cul- 
tivated. 
Cult. — Cereals (chiefly Barley and Rye), Pulse (Ervum Lens L., 
Lathyrus Cicera L., L. articulatus L.), White Poplar, Dragon- 
tree, Prickly Pear ( Opuntia Tuna Mill.), Tamarisk, &c. 
Indig. and naturalized. — Ranunculus muricatus L., Erodium 
chium L., Frankenia puloerulenta L., F. Icevis L., Astragalus 
Solandri Lowe, Senecio incrassatus Lowe, Statice ovalifolia 
Poir., Jmicus cicutus L., Pedrosia macrantha Lowe, Plantago 
Victorialis Poir., Cichorium IntybusL.fi. DC.; and amongst 
corn, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Silene injlata Sm., S. 
nocturna L. (3. DC., S. ignobilis Lowe, Papaver Rhceas L., 
Centaurea melitensis L., Emex spinosus L., Melilotus parvijlora 
Desf., M. sulcata Desf., Ononis mitissima L., Trifolii sp., &c. 
3. Montana or Mountain-pastures. — From 1000 or 1200 to 
1500 feet ; partially cultivated, but chiefly grassy. 
Indig. or naturalized. — Ononis micrantha Lowe, O. dentata Lowe, 
Medicago sp., Trifolium sp., Cynara horrida Ait., Verbascum 
virgatum L., Mentha Pulegium L., Origanum virens Hoffm., 
Prasium medium (3. Lowe, Ajuga Ira L., Carex divulsa Good., 
Festuca bromoides L., Pteris aquilina L., &c. 
4. Excelsa or Rocky mountain-peaks. — From 1200 or 1500 to 
nearly 1700 feet; bare uncultivated highest crags. 
Indig. — Cheiranthus arbuscida Lowe, Umbilicus pendulinus DC., 
Sempervivum stellatum Sm., Saxifraga maderensis Don, Galium 
geminiforum Lowe, G. anglicum Huds., Helichrysum melan- 
ophthalmum Lowe, Senecio maderensis DC., Pedrosia macran- 
tha Lowe, P. argentea Lowe, Andryala robusta Lowe, Tolpis 
fruticosa Schr. y, 8. Lowe, Erica scoparia L., Wahlenbergia 
lobelioides L. fil., Sibthorpia peregrina L., Micromeria varia 
Ben tli., Sideritis Massoniana Benth., Plantago leiopetala Lowe, 
Rumex acidcatus L., Habenaria cordata Link, Dactylis glome- 
rata L., Eavallia canariensis Sw., Polypodium vulgar e L., 
Lycopodium denticulatum L., &c. 
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