RUBUS. 
249 
da silva ) as indeed against the Mulberry, deeming it unwhole- 
some. It yields however a fair substitute for English Currant- 
j ell y- 
This troublesome and far too common pi. is very valuable 
for fencing purposes, and it is not less universally employed 
thus in Mad. than in the Canaries. Its all but absolute exclu- 
sion from Porto Santo seems therefore the more remarkable. 
The fossil leaves figured and described by Dr. Ileer in his 
very valuable and interesting Memoir on the Fossil PI. of S. 
Jorge (4to, Zurich, Nov. 1855), p. 28. t. ii. f. 1, 2, under the 
name of Corylus australis, appear to be impressions of the under 
surface of terminal lfts. of R. discolor. On the other hand fig. 8, 
by its freer coarser larger serrature and absence of c-ancellating 
or reticulating cross-veinlets, is rather an impression of the 
upper surface of a lft. of R. grandifolius. 
2. R. concoloe Lowe. 
Differing from R. discolor in its smaller or more slender and 
less stout, straighter and declining rather than hooked and de- 
flexed prickles, in its lfts. (coriaceous) being merely somewhat 
paler gr. and more or less pubescent but not at all or very 
seldom closely tomentose- or glazy -white beneath, in its more 
numerously fid., broader or larger and closer often corymbose 
panicles, in its dull w., not in the least pink or blush, pet. or 
n., and drier insipid fi\, with rather fewer and larger grains 
or drapes. — Shr. per. Mad. reg. 3, rr. Thickets of Vaccinium, 
Heath, and Laurus by the roadside between the Paul da Serra 
and tbe Cruzinhas on the road to Seixal or Porto Moniz, for 
about a mile before reaching the Cruzinhas. Also in thickets 
about half a mile below the Tanquinhas, on the ascent to the 
Paul from S. Vicente. June, July. — Perhaps only a local form 
of R. discolor, due to the high elevation (scarcely below 4000 
ft.), or shady humid nature of its place of growth. I know no 
other sp. however, except indeed its apparently still nearer 
ally, R. rhamnifolius W. and N. (EBS. t. 2604), with which it 
can be properly compared ; and I must therefore commend it 
to the careful study of Mad. botanists on the spot, to determine 
whether it really is distinct from both R. rhamnifolius and R. 
discolor, or whether, if not the former sp., it is a mere sylvan 
state or form of the latter. The arched barren y.-st. with its 
1. precisely resembles that of R. rhamnifolius as figured in EBS. 
t. 2604. 
3. II. GRANDIFOLIUS Lowe. Silvado da Serra. 
Y.-st. arched angular furrowed and, like the petioles and 
partial leaf-stalks, perfectly naked smooth and very prickly ; 
