GALIUM. 
395 
a pi. which has never occurred in Mad. though it is not un- 
common in the Canaries. However I am fortunately enabled 
to refer Roll’s pi. with certainty as above to my G. parisiense ft 
by possession of a sp. from its collector himself, gathered near 
Camera de Lobos in July 1827. 
G. anglicum ft parvifolium DC. 1. c. seems to be merely a 
depauperated state from drought, with short stoutish stunted 
erect st. 2-3 in. high and crowded whorls of 1., which occurs 
very commonly amongst the short turf in dry burnt-up moun- 
tain pastures in Mad. 
Linnaeus, by quoting Ray t. 9. f. 1, seems to have intended 
to include ft leiocarpum under his G. parisiense , and I have 
quoted him accordingly. 
4. G. APARINE L. Raspa-lingua. Goose-grass or Cleavers. 
St. villose at the joints succulent stout but weak and ram- 
pant climbing or clinging tenaciously by the copious reflexed 
prickles of their angles and of the keel or nerve beneath and 
margins of the rough punctate-hispid subspathulately oblongo- 
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate abruptly aristate or mucronate 
(3-8-nate 1. : cymes depauperate few- (2 or 3-6-) fld. stalked 
verticillately leafy subpaniculate in fr. ; fr. -stalks divaricated 
straight ; fr. uncinately-setose rather large — Linn. Sp. 157 ; 
Desf. i. 130 ; Brot. i. 151 ; EB. t. 816 ; Sm. E. El. i. 210 ; Buch 
195. no. 279 ; DC. iv. 608 ; WB. ii. 183 (excl. varr. ft, y) ; Koch 
362; Seub. FI. Az. 34; Bab. 157. u Valantia aparine ft Lam. 
FI. Fr. iii. 383 ” (ex DC.). — Herb. ann. Mad. reg. 1, 2, c. Banks 
and bramble hedges about Funchal in vineyards up the Rib. de 
S ta Luzia, cornfields along the Cani^o road, Loo fields &c., and 
Chestnut woods at S. Vicente, general. March-June. — Bright 
full gr. with brittle j uicy elongated straggling 4-angular branched 
st., 2-4 ft. long mostly villose above the joints, clinging to 
everything it touches by the hooked prickles or bristles of its 
st. and of the 1. and fr., flaccid and fast withering. L. often 
7-nate mostly broadish all over rough with short erect hooked 
forward-pointing bristles, the stronger prickles of their keel 
and margins pointing backwards except near their tips. Cymes 
reduced to mostly 2 or 3 axillary fl. from the upper whorls of 
the short side-branches, not more than once or twice forked 
and furnished with whorls of 5 or 6 (not merely 1 or 2) floral 
1. at their divisions. Pedic. short, straight and stiffly divari- 
cate in fr. Fl. very small pure w. not gr. or buff. Fr. large 
4-5 millim. in diam. densely hispid, a double globe, one seed 
or globe often abortive. 
The expressed juice of the pi. is sometimes drank remedially 
