396 
44. RUBIACEJi. 
in England as an antiscorbutic. The seeds have been recom- 
mended as a substitute for Coffee. No use whatever is made 
of the pi. in Mad. 
The nearly allied G. spurium L. (EB. t. 1871) u distin- 
guished by its ” less depauperated cymes of u more numerous ” 
(3-9) u gr. fl., floral 1. solitary (‘or in pairs’), fr. of about 
half the size and smooth” Bab. (or in /3. G. Vaillantii DC.= 
G. Vaillantii EBS. t. 2943, hispid) has not occurred either in 
Mad. or the Can. 
b. Cymes depauperated reduced to 2-3-fld. axillary ped. 
shorter than the 1. or to 1-3 one-fld. pedic. ; not panicled. 
to. G. tricorne With. 
St. procumbent nearly simple stout but weak and straggling, 
the angles very rough or armed like the keel and margins of 
the 6-8-nate linear-lanceolate smooth 1. with numerous strong 
reflexed prickles ; ped. axillary short erecto-patent mostly 3-5- 
fld., pedic. strongly recurved in fr. ; fl. small w., the 2 side-fl. 
perfect but seldom both fertile ; fr. dark brown mostly binate 
large drooping finely and sharply tuberculated smooth, meri- 
carps globose scarcelv combined, one mostly abortive. — With. 
Brit. PI. (ed. 2) 153 (ex Srn.) ; EB. t. 1041 ; Srn. E. Fl. i. 205 ; 
1)C. iv. 008; Koch 302; WB. ii. 182 ; Bab. 150. G. spurium 
ltoth Tent. i. 00 (ex Koch) (not Linn.). Valantia tricornis 
Both Neu. Beytr. i. 142 (ex DC.). Val. triflora Lam. (ex 
DC.). Val. spuria Pers. Syn. 129. — Herb. ann. PS. reg. 2, rrr. 
“ Cornfields at the base of the Pico do Castello,” Barao do 
Castello de Paiva, Eebr. 1859. — St. 1-2 ft. long, with a few 
short branches only towards the base, smooth like the 1. but 
strongly and copiously prickly at the angles as also are the 
ped. and pedic. L. narrow 0-8 lines long, 1-1^ wide ; gradually 
aristate or cuspidate, their margins and keel strongly and often 
doubly aculeolate. Ped. shorter than the 1. sometimes twice 
2-3-fid; pedic. strongly recurved in fr. 1-3-nate mostly bi- 
nate. Fr. coffee-brown or blackish, mericarps nearly distinct 
or slightly combined, globose, 3 millim. in diam., bald or 
naked but thickly covered with minute subacute abrupt tu- 
bercles. 
The ped. are axillary on the main st. or on the short side- 
branches. In the latter case especially tbe inflorescence is 
nearly that of G. aparine L. 
Described from dried PS. spec, kindly communicated by my 
indefatigable friend the Barao do Castello de Paiva. 1 never met 
