45. VALERIANACEJE. 
401 
selves by their cumbrous dense festoons of matted branches 
and foliage which are of a peculiarly dark bright-shining gr. 
and harsh stiff dry rigid nature, clinging as tenaciously in 
masses together or to the shrubs they overspread as G. apa- 
rine L. L. persistent or perennial very harsh stiff and rigid, 
1-3 in. long, 1-3 lines broad or 3|-18 (but mostly 6-12) times 
as long as broad, the upper often nearly altogether smooth or 
with only a few very minute rough points inclining backwards on 
the keel and edge beneath, the nerve above and whole upper 
surface being quite smooth ; but the rest of the 1. have not 
only the keel beneath and edges harshly retroscabrous' with a 
single row of larger distinct prickles but the nerve above and 
upper surface towards the margins also antrorsally scabrous 
more or less though sometimes nearly or quite smooth like the 
upper 1. of the panicle. FI. small very numerous in crowded 
lateral trichotomously compound cymes forming large oblong 
ample leafy panicles pale greenish-y. or cream-colour and 
strong-scented, 5-fid; lobes acuminato-apiculate or long-pointed. 
Anthers subglobose or shortly oval. Stigmas abruptly globose : 
styles distinct at least halfway down. Fr. shining black glo- 
bose 3-3^ lines in diam. Pedic. divaricate in fr. 
This pi. is as distinct from R. peregrina L. as most sp. of the 
tribe Galiece are from one another. 
Order XLY. VALERIAN ACEiE. 
The Valerian Family. 
FI. mostly perfect subirregular. Cal. -tube united with the 
ov., limb sup. various, toothed or entire, often obsolete or in- 
volute in fi. forming at last a crown or sometimes feathery 
pappus to the fr. Cor. tubular funnel-shaped 3-5-lobed, the 
lobes imbricate in bud, more or less unequal or irregular with 
the tube spurred or gibbous. Stain. 1-5 free inserted in the 
tube. Stigmas 1-3. Ov. 3-celled, one cell only perfect with 
a single pendulous ovule. Fr. dry indehiscent 1-seeded 1-celled 
or 3-celled with 2 cells barren, crowned with, the persistent 
more or less developed cal. -limb. Albumen 0. — Herbs with 
bitter tonic antispasmodic or anthelmintic and strong-scented 
roots or rhizomes. L. opposite without stip. FI. small cymose 
mostly red or w., often blue or lilac, very rarely y. 
1. Centrantiius. Cor. 4-5-lobed, tube spurred at the base 
or gibbous on the side or throat. Stain. 1. Fr. 1-celled 
crowned with the cal. -limb unrolled and developed into a 
feathery pappus. — Cymes corymbose. 
2. Valeri anell a. Cor. 5-lobed, tube regular not spurred 
