408 
46. DIPSACACE2E. 
arques un peu etales et assez longs ” (Gren. et Godr. ii. 62) 
and by the non-ciliate crown of its fr., &c. 
Order XLYI. DIPSACACE.E. 
The Teasel Family. 
FL compound formed of many perfect subirregnlar florets 
aggregate in heads on a common recept. with a common many- 
leaved involucre ; each fi. inclosed in a free persistent cup-shaped 
or turbinate foveolate or strongly ribbed special involucel or outer 
cal. surrounding but not adhering to the fr. and mostly with a 
bractlet (chaff or scale) outside at its base. Cal. -tube united 
partly or at top only to the ov., contracted upwards into a narrow 
neck and then expanding abruptly into a cup-shaped and entire 
or toothed or setoso-pappiform limb. Cor. inserted at top of 
cal. -tube tubular fimnel -shaped unequally 4-o-fid, lobes unequal 
imbricate in bud. Stam. 4 inserted on the cor. -tube alternate 
with the lobes ; anthers free distinct 2-locular. Style filiform ; 
stigma nearly or quite simple. Ov. 1 -celled 1 -ovulate ; ovule 
pendulous. Fr. dry indehiscent 1-celled 1 -seeded crowned by 
the scarious often pappose (setose or plumose) cal.-limb, the 
whole inclosed by the persistent involucel. Seed erect with a 
fleshy albumen , more or less but mostly only partly adherent 
to the cal. -tube. Embryo axile. — Herbs (rarely suffrutescent 
never milky) with heteromorphous opposite or verticillate ex- 
stipulate 1. and thistle-like heads of small w. b. p. or pur- 
ple fl. Inflorescence dimorphous : viz. centripetal in each head 
separately, centrifugal in them collectively in their order of 
succession on the pi. 
1. Dipsacus. Recept. with stiff acuminate spinous bractlets 
(chaffs or scales) shorter than the prickly spinous involucre. 
Involucels 4-gonal 8-sulcate shortly 4-toothed or entire. 
Limb of cal. cup-shaped subquadrangular, lobed or trun- 
cate ciliate. Cor. 4-fid. Stigma longitudinal simple or 
entire. — Herb, biennial with prickly st. and spinose heads. 
2. Scabiosa. Bractlets of recept. soft (leafy or chaffy) not 
stiffly spinous. Involucels cylindric deeply 8-grooved 4- 
8-pitted without awns, limb scarious campanulate or cup- 
shaped. Cal.-limb stipitate 5-awned in fr., awns spread- 
ing. Cor. 4-5-fid. Stigma notched. — Ilerb. perennial 
unarmed. 
1. Dipsacus L. 
Teasel. 
1. 1). ferox Loisel. 
Dwarfish often nearly stemless or apparently scapigerous 
mostly 1 -3-fid. ; st. and ped. strongly and copiously prickly ; 
